Showing papers in "Cortex in 2014"

TL;DR: This article reviews emerging evidence regarding how structural neuroplasticity occurs in the brain as a result of one's bilingual experience and aims at identifying the processes and mechanisms that drive experience-dependent anatomical changes, and integrating structural imaging evidence with current knowledge of functional neural plasticity of language and other cognitive skills.

TL;DR: A better understanding of cerebral connectomics leads to the conclusion that the white matter connectivity constitutes a main limitation of such brain plasticity, explaining the lack of recovery in patients with extensive subcortical damages.

TL;DR: It is suggested that a ventral pathway in humans, namely the iFOF, mediates a direct communication between occipital and frontal lobes and whether the i FOF represents a unique human pathway awaits further ad hoc investigations in animals.

TL;DR: A diffuse rise of cortical excitability occurred, both during and after active tDCS, which highlights the spreading of the effects of anodal tDCS over remote cortical regions of stimulated and contralateral hemispheres.

TL;DR: FMRI multiple- Network connectivity is disrupted in severely brain-injured patients suffering from disorders of consciousness and control for neuronal properties of the identified RSNs can advance fMRI system-level characterization.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that human face processing has a strong top-down component whereby sensory input with even the slightest suggestion of a face can result in the interpretation of a faces.

TL;DR: This study presents a method for evaluating and classifying connected speech in primary progressive aphasia using computational techniques and achieves accuracies well above baseline on the three binary classification tasks.

TL;DR: Direct evidence is provided that atDCS administered during multiple learning sessions facilitates language learning and that effects are maintained over time, thereby highlighting the potential of atDCS to enhance language recovery after stroke.

TL;DR: The authors used meta-analysis and meta-regression to evaluate whether evidence to date demonstrates deficits in procedural memory in individuals with specific language impairment (SLI), and examine reasons for inconsistencies of findings across studies.

TL;DR: Investigation of the relationship between RSFC and creativity (divergent thinking, measured by the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging suggests increased RSFC between mPFC and mTG, which belong to the default mode network might be crucial to creativity, can be improved by means of cognitive stimulation.

TL;DR: Anosognosia in AD is a significant predictor of apathy and is significantly related to lower depression and anxiety scores, more severe caregiver burden and dangerous behaviours.

TL;DR: A synthesis of the multidisciplinary work on brain plasticity and behavior is sought to identify some general principles on how the brain changes in response to a wide range of experiences over the lifetime.

TL;DR: Findings support the existence of the "chemobrain" phenomenon beyond the patients' subjective reports and call for further research of high methodological quality to delineate the temporal and spatial pattern of chemotherapy-associated central nervous system (CNS) toxicity.

TL;DR: The divergent task-dependent dynamics of CON and SAL connectivity with the anti-correlated DA and DM support distinct functional roles of these two "control" networks.

TL;DR: The methodological issues that can affect forgetting, such as the effects of age, general cognitive function, test sensitivity and initial learning, are explored and the extent to which existing studies have considered these key issues are evaluated.

TL;DR: It is concluded that myelination is likely disrupted or delayed in VPT infants, especially those with perinatal brain abnormality (BA), and altered diffusivity at term-equivalent age helps explain impaired functioning at 7 years.

TL;DR: Evidence of functional specialization for music processing in specific regions of the auditory cortex is provided and domain-specific functional differences possibly correlated with musicianship are found.

TL;DR: Results point towards the dedicated role of the STS as a ‘social-information processing’ centre with an integrative preference for information from people, as compared to objects.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the left IFG is a key region in reading the mind in the eyes, probably involved in a more general impairment of a semantic working memory system that facilitates reasoning about what others are feeling and thinking as expressed by the eyes.

TL;DR: It is found that the application of TMS over both right and left LO impaired symmetry judgments, with disruption being greater following right LO than left LO TMS, indicative of right hemisphere lateralization in symmetry processing.

TL;DR: A task in which participants were blocked from obtaining a reward, an established method of producing frustration, suggested that frustration may serve an energizing function, translating unfulfilled motivation into aggressive-like surges via a cortical, amygdala and PAG network.

TL;DR: In this article, a biologically plausible integrate-and-fire model of the attractor neuronal network processes that underlie decision-making is presented, with the resulting states when the rewards or punishers are or are not obtained being emotional states.

TL;DR: When employed in a more complex, ecologically-valid context, language production and comprehension show both overlapping and idiosyncratic patterns of activation and functional connectivity, which are integrated with regions that support other cognitive and sensorimotor domains.

TL;DR: The potential of the technique to classify transcribed speech samples along clinical dimensions, using vocabulary data alone is explored, and an enriched feature set, including values derived from Quantitative Production Analysis (QPA), may shed further light on this little understood distinction.

TL;DR: A computational implementation of the dorsal-pathway account of language production is presented, called WEAver++/ARC (for WEAVER++ Arcuate Repetition and Conversation), which synthesizes behavioral psycholinguistic, functional neuroimaging, and tractographic evidence.

TL;DR: A systematic literature review of studies investigating the functional profile of the human amygdala using intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG), an invasive technique with high temporal and spatial precision suggests the amygdala plays a key role in the processing of affective relevance.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated whether intranasal inhalation of the hormone oxytocin can improve face processing in unimpaired participants, and investigated whether similar findings might be noted in developmental prosopagnosia.

TL;DR: Three replicated SNPs in the genes ZNF804A, DISC1 and KIAA0319 are discussed, as well as the potential for computational analyses of linguistic and textual data in other genomics tasks.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors combine three multimodal meta-analyses approaches ( anatomical and activation likelihood estimates and behavioral domain profiles) to identify neural correlates of frontotemporal dementia in 417 patients and 406 control subjects and extract mental functions associated with this disease by meta-analyzing functional activation studies in the comprehensive probabilistic functional brain atlas of the BrainMap database.

TL;DR: A specific increase of RS followed inhibition of IPL demonstrating its causative role in inducing fast plastic changes of religiousness/spirituality, and DLPFC inhibition had more widespread effects probably reflecting a general role in the acquisition or maintenance of task-rules or in controlling the expression of self-related representations not specific to RS.