Showing papers in "Immunology Today in 1998"

TL;DR: Advances in knowledge of the signaling mechanisms that control the activation of NF-κB and recent insights into the nature of the IκB-kinase represent significant steps forward in understanding this important signaling pathway.

TL;DR: It is argued that a comprehensive response to foreign antigens requires that T cells are widely crossreactive, such that one cell reacts productively with approximately 10 6 different MHC-associated minimal peptide epitopes.

TL;DR: The role played by chemokines and chemokine receptors in positioning T cells for the immune response is reviewed, with a focus on T-cell priming and delayed-type hypersensitivity or allergic reactions.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the development of skin lesions in AD patients results from sequential activation of T helper 2 (Th2)- and Th1-type cells.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the capacity of contact allergens to directly induce proinflammatory signals in the skin is of relevance and perhaps essential for elicitation of clinically manifest CHS responses.

TL;DR: How this central immunological principle has potential new therapeutic applications for the treatment of autoimmune, inflammatory and possibly food-allergic diseases is discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that modern vaccinations, fear of germs and obsession with hygiene are depriving the immune system of the information input upon which it is dependent, which may lead to increased incidences of allergies and autoimmune diseases.

TL;DR: The characteristics of the immune response induced by gene vaccination are outlined and the multifaceted properties of DNA in initiating and determining the process are described.

TL;DR: Findings from studies of patients with severe infections arising from poorly pathogenic mycobacterium or Salmonella species have revealed genetic mutations in type-1 cytokine or type- 1 cytokine receptor genes are summarized.

TL;DR: How selenium is involved in the function of immune cells, and the various immune deficiencies and diseases that result from inadequate dietary intake are described.

TL;DR: The unique nature of the various human tonsils reveals that they are capable of a variety of complex immunological functions, as discussed by Marta Perry and Anthony Whyte.

TL;DR: Data that suggest a role for NO in autoimmune diseases as an important regulator of the T helper 1 (Th1)/Th2 balance are discussed.

TL;DR: Maria Cristina Mingari and colleagues view the expression of KIRs by cytolytic T lymphocytes and their regulation by certain cytokines as a double-edged sword.

TL;DR: How cross-presentation is critical for cytotoxic T-cell surveillance of peripheral antigens, both self and foreign, located outside the secondary lymphoid compartment is described.

TL;DR: Evidence that cannabinoids modulate immunity and that cannabinoid receptors and endogenous ligands are expressed in immune tissues are reviewed.

TL;DR: Several aspects of neoantigen formation by xenobiotics are focused on: metabolism of xenobiotic into reactive, haptenic metabolites; polymorphisms of metabolizing enzymes; induction of costimulatory signals; and sensitization of T cells.

TL;DR: Recent studies that indicate that virion-bound host molecules are still functional and are affecting the biological properties of HIV-1 are reviewed, and these nonviral components should be considered as factors putatively affecting the pathogenesis of AIDS-1 infection.

TL;DR: It is argued that two crucial components of memory—rapid recall and long life—belong not to one but to two distinct subsets of CD4 + memory T cells: the CD45R lo andCD45R hi subsets, respectively.

TL;DR: This work combines the findings of Dennis Osmond, Antonius Rolink and Fritz Melchers to provide a common phenotypic model of B-cell development in mouse bone marrow.

TL;DR: Cellular and molecular data on mouse developmental haematopoiesis are reviewed and the implications for the long-held notion of the yolk sac origin of the adult haem atopoietic system are discussed.

TL;DR: It is suggested that it is the proteolytic effect of Der p 1 on CD23 and CD25 which makes it such a potent inducer of IgE synthesis.

TL;DR: The results show that activation of platelets by collagen is mediated through the same pathway as that used by immune receptors, with pivotal roles for an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) sequence on the Fc receptor γ-chain and the tyosine kinase Syk.

TL;DR: Immunohistological analysis of splenic GCs arising de novo that reveal a more plastic structure in germinal centers in chronically inflamed human tonsils are discussed.

TL;DR: How TCR affinity and ligand density might interface with innate forces in the selection of CD4+ T-cell functions is discussed.

TL;DR: Here, Oriol Sunyer, Ioannis Zarkadis and John Lambris explore the possible advantages conferred by having multiple forms of individual complement proteins in a single organism.

TL;DR: Barbara Fazekas de St Groth discusses evolutionary aspects of the functional distinction between lymphoid and myeloid dendritic cells.

TL;DR: Willem van Eden and colleagues argue that immunity to Hsps is part of a normal immunoregulatory T-cell response with disease controlling potential.

TL;DR: Hans Geuze reviews the current controversy surrounding the identity of the compartments that play a role in antigen processing and peptide loading.

TL;DR: Studies that show that CD1 proteins are a separate lineage of antigen-presenting molecules with unusually hydrophobic ligand-binding grooves that present nonpeptide lipid and glycolipid antigens to T cells are reviewed.

TL;DR: In rheumatoid arthritis, IL-15 could play a pivotal role in disease pathogenesis, acting upstream of TNF-α in orchestrating the induction of a cascade of inflammatory cytokines.