Showing papers in "JACC: Basic to Translational Science in 2020"

TL;DR: The potential mechanisms by which SGLT2 inhibitors exert their beneficial effects are discussed, including beneficial effects on cardiac energy metabolism, reducing inflammation, improving kidney function, and increasing erythropoiesis.

TL;DR: The virology and potential mechanism of injury form the basis for a discussion of potential disease-modifying therapies, and several mechanisms of injury are proposed with a focus on cardiovascular complications.

TL;DR: In this article, chemical denervation in neurogenic hypertensive Schlager (BPH/2J) mice reduced blood pressure, improved glucose homeostasis, and reduced renal SGLT2 protein expression.

TL;DR: Understanding the multiplicity of mechanisms of myocardial injury in COVID-19 infection will help meet the mission unsupported by the comfort of strong data.

TL;DR: In this paper, the causal steps and natural history that link vascular calcification to CV events were illuminated, and they affirmed its role as a CV risk factor and accelerate drug discovery and therapeutic translation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the mitochondria dysfunction contributes to worsening of the heart failure state and can be reversed with novel experimental drugs, such as drugs targeting of mitochondria in heart failure.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a promising therapeutic target to prevent fibrotic remodeling of the heart in response to injury, which contributes to heart failure, yet therapies to treat fibrosis remain elusive, and genetic inhibition of fibroblast YAP attenuates myocardial infarction induced cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis.

TL;DR: Intravenous iron supplementation provides symptomatic relief in patients with heart failure and concomitant iron deficiency and sufficient consideration should be given to the route of administration and the potential for adverse effects, especially in non–iron deficient patients.

TL;DR: Some alternatives to animal trials (hereafter referred to as animal research) as well as current regulatory discussions and developments regarding such alternatives are focused on.

TL;DR: The upregulation in ACE2 in remodeled LVs may explain worse outcomes in COVID-19 patients with underlying myocardial disorders, and counteracting ACE2 upregulation is a possible therapeutic approach to minimizing cardiac damage.

TL;DR: During prolonged activation, these isoforms exert mutually antagonistic effects on the redox state and on proinflammatory pathways, which may contribute to the evolution and progression of chronic cardiac, vascular, and renal disorders.

TL;DR: In this paper, miR-155 was synthesized and loaded into exosomes in increased infiltration of macrophages in a uremic heart, leading to the release of miR155 into the cytosol and translational repression of forkhead transcription factors in cardiomyocytes.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the key findings related to the involvement of TLRs and NLRs in the progression of several vascular and cardiac diseases, with a focus on whether some NLR subtypes (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor 3) can be candidates for new therapeutic strategies for several CVDs.

TL;DR: In this article, a meta-analysis of 10 studies was performed to determine the impact of the PCSK9 R46L variant on CAVS, and the authors found that CAVS was less prevalent in carriers of this variant compared with noncarriers.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that eosinophil deficiency resulted in attenuated anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization, enhanced myocardial inflammation, increased scar size, and deterioration of myocardia.

TL;DR: The authors showed no consistent collagen organization in the predefined direction of electrospun scaffolds made from a resorbable supramolecular elastomer with random or circumferentially aligned fibers, after 12 months of implantation in sheep.

TL;DR: Using transcriptomic databases, this work found that cardiovascular tissues/endothelial cells express putative genes for SARS-CoV-2 infection including ACE2 and BSG, suggesting that BSG expression in the vasculature may explain the heightened risk of severe disease with age.

TL;DR: Because autosis promotes myocardial injury under some conditions, a better understanding of autosis may lead to development of novel interventions to protect the heart againstMyocardial stress.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors observed sex-specific effects of the NLRP3 inflammasome on atherogenesis in LDLR-deficient mice, with the role of female sex hormones playing a more prominent role in atherosclerosis than in males.

TL;DR: In this paper, the role of Nox2 and the effects of celastrol were studied using cultured porcine AVICs in vitro and a rabbit CAVD model in vivo.

TL;DR: The authors showed that bone marrow mononuclear cell pre-seeding had detrimental effects on functionality and in situ remodeling of bioresorbable bisurea-modified polycarbonate (PC-BU)-based tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHVs) used as transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement in sheep.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the current understandings of the dysregulated pathways that promote RV dysfunction, highlight RV-enriched or RV-specific pathways that may be of particular therapeutic value, and summarize recent and ongoing clinical trials that are investigating RV function in PAH.

TL;DR: In this paper, the arteriovenous oxygen content difference (AVo2) in adult subjects with and without heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) during systemic and forearm exercise was estimated.

TL;DR: This work has shown that clonal hematopoiesis may represent a new causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease that can add to the predictive value of the traditional risk factors.

TL;DR: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in a proliferation of clinical trials designed to slow the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: This article showed that optogenetic stimulation of vagal preganglionic neurons transduced to express light-sensitive channels preserved left ventricular function and exercise capacity in a rat model of myocardial infarction-induced heart failure.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors assessed the uptake of fluorescent Lp(a) in primary human lymphocytes as well as hepatic capture in a mouse model in which endogenous hepatocytes have been ablated and replaced with human ones.

TL;DR: This review discusses the challenges in miRNA analysis and interpretation in PAH and highlights 4 promising miRNAs in this field.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used human heart samples and human induced pluripotent stem cell−cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) to assess how SaO2 affects human CM cell cycle activities.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured how heart failure affects the contractile properties of the human myocardium from the left and right ventricles, and found that maximum force and maximum power were reduced by approximately 30% in multicellular preparations from both ventricle, possibly because of ventricular remodeling.