Showing papers in "Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology in 2019"
TL;DR: The U.S. Science Team's globally gridded precipitation product from the NASA-JAXA Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, the Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG), is described in this paper.
Abstract: As the U.S. Science Team’s globally gridded precipitation product from the NASA–JAXA Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, the Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG...
135 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Ka-band radar interferometer (KaRIn) was used to measure the sea surface height (SSH) at a high spatial resolution using a KaRIn.
Abstract: The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission aims to measure the sea surface height (SSH) at a high spatial resolution using a Ka-band radar interferometer (KaRIn). The primary oce...
45 citations
TL;DR: The stability and accuracy of weather radar reflectivity calibration are imperative for quantitative applications, such as rainfall estimation, severe weather monitoring and nowcasting, and as mentioned in this paper, and the accuracy of the reflectivity measurement is crucial for these applications.
Abstract: The stability and accuracy of weather radar reflectivity calibration are imperative for quantitative applications, such as rainfall estimation, severe weather monitoring and nowcasting, and...
44 citations
TL;DR: The Spotter is a low-cost, real-time, solar-powered wave measurement buoy that was recently developed by Spoondrift Technologies, Inc. as discussed by the authors, which was used to evaluate the data quality of the Spotter.
Abstract: The Spotter is a low-cost, real-time, solar-powered wave measurement buoy that was recently developed by Spoondrift Technologies, Inc. (Spoondrift). To evaluate the data quality of the Spot...
39 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a global positioning system (GPS) radio occultation (RO) is used to retrieve vertical profiles of atmospheric parameters with high resolution (<100 m), which can be achieved in spherical geometry.
Abstract: Global positioning system (GPS) radio occultation (RO) is capable of retrieving vertical profiles of atmospheric parameters with high resolution (<100 m), which can be achieved in spherical...
37 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a nonlinear empirical method, called the generalized regression neural network with the fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOAGRNN), was proposed to estimate subsurface salinity profiles from a single fruit fly.
Abstract: A nonlinear empirical method, called the generalized regression neural network with the fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOAGRNN), is proposed to estimate subsurface salinity profiles from...
34 citations
TL;DR: Identification and exclusion of clouds from satellite-based infrared fields is critical to achieve accurate retrievals of sea surface temperature (SST). Historically, identification of clouds has been difficult as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Identification and exclusion of clouds from satellite-based infrared fields is critical to achieve accurate retrievals of sea surface temperature (SST). Historically, identification of clou...
33 citations
TL;DR: The Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) that was on board the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite captured optical emissions produced by lightning in this paper, where the authors quantify and quantify and
Abstract: The Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) that was on board the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite captured optical emissions produced by lightning In this work, we quantify and
30 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used measurements of in-situ glider flight, obtained with a profiling Doppler velocity log and an electromagnetic current meter, to test and calibrate a flight model, extended to include inertial terms.
Abstract: The turbulent dissipation rate ɛ is a key parameter to many oceanographic processes. Recently gliders have been increasingly used as a carrier for microstructure sensors. Compared to conventional ship-based methods, glider-based microstructure observations allow for long duration measurements under adverse weather conditions, and at lower costs. The incident water velocity U is an input parameter for the calculation of the dissipation rate. Since U can not be measured using the standard glider sensor setup, the parameter is normally computed from a steady-state glider flight model. As ɛ scales with U2 or U4, depending whether it is computed from temperature or shear microstructure, flight model errors can introduce a significant bias. This study is the first to use measurements of in-situ glider flight, obtained with a profiling Doppler velocity log and an electromagnetic current meter, to test and calibrate a flight model, extended to include inertial terms. Compared to a previously suggested flight model, the calibrated model removes a bias of approximately 1 cm s−1 in the incident water velocity, which translates to roughly a factor of 1.2 in estimates of the dissipation rate. The results further indicate that 90% of the estimates of the dissipation rate from the calibrated model are within a factor of 1.1 and 1.2 for measurements derived from microstructure temperature sensors and shear probes, respectively. We further outline the range of applicability of the flight model.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a commercial microwave link is installed and maintained for the purpose of telecommunication, where a number of hydrometeors between transmitting and receiving antennas cause the microwave signal to attenuate.
Abstract: Commercial microwave links are installed and maintained for the purpose of telecommunication. Hydrometeors between transmitting and receiving antennas cause the microwave signal to be atten...
29 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a postprocessing procedure is proposed and validated to improve the quality of all CTD-SRDL data: that is, both high-resolution profiles and compressed low-resolution ones.
Abstract: Most available CTD Satellite Relay Data Logger (CTD-SRDL) profiles are heavily compressed before satellite transmission. High-resolution profiles recorded at the sampling frequency of 0.5 Hz are, however, available upon physical retrieval of the logger. Between 2014 and 2018, several loggers deployed on elephant seals in the Southern Ocean have been set in continuous recording mode, capturing both the ascent and descent for over 60 profiles per day during several months, opening new horizons for the physical oceanography community. Taking advantage of a new dataset made of seven such loggers, a postprocessing procedure is proposed and validated to improve the quality of all CTD-SRDL data: that is, both high-resolution profiles and compressed low-resolution ones. First, temperature and conductivity are corrected for a thermal mass effect. Then salinity spiking and density inversion are removed by adjusting salinity while leaving temperature unchanged. This method, applied here to more than 50 000 profiles, yields significant and systematic improvements in both temperature and salinity, particularly in regions of rapid temperature variation. The continuous high-resolution dataset is then used to provide updated accuracy estimates of CTD-SRDL data. For high-resolution data, accuracies are estimated to be of +/- 0.02 degrees C for temperature and +/- 0.03 g kg(-1) for salinity. For low-resolution data, transmitted data points have similar accuracies; however, reconstructed temperature profiles have a reduced accuracy associated with the vertical interpolation of +/- 0.04 degrees C and a nearly unchanged salinity accuracy of +/- 0.03 g kg(-1).
TL;DR: A physical evaluation of the rain profiling retrieval algorithms for the Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) on board the Global Precipment Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory satell...
Abstract: A physical evaluation of the rain profiling retrieval algorithms for the Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) on board the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory satell...
TL;DR: The deployment of Deep Argo regional pilot arrays is underway as a step toward a global array of 1250 surface-to-bottom profiling floats embedded in the upper-ocean (2000 m) Argo Program.
Abstract: Deployment of Deep Argo regional pilot arrays is underway as a step toward a global array of 1250 surface-to-bottom profiling floats embedded in the upper-ocean (2000 m) Argo Program. Of th...
TL;DR: This work proposes an approach to automatic winter hydrometeor classification based on utilization of convolutional neural networks that is compatible with the current state of the art in weather forecasting.
Abstract: Taking advantage of the recent developments in machine learning, we propose an approach to automatic winter hydrometeor classification based on utilization of convolutional neural networks ...
TL;DR: In this article, multiple horizontal ADCPs were used to obtain time series data from time series in estuaries with micro-tides, and the results showed that the cold fronts provide recurring forcing for circulations and long-term transport.
Abstract: Atmospheric cold fronts provide recurring forcing for circulations and long-term transport in estuaries with microtides. Multiple horizontal ADCPs were used to obtain time series data from ...
Abstract: Cloud-top height (CTH) and cloud-top temperature (CTT) retrieved from the Himawari-8 observations are evaluated using the active shipborne radar–lidar observations derived from the 31-day C...
TL;DR: In this paper, five catch efficiency transfer functions were used to transfer the catch efficiency from solid precipitation undercatch to solid precipitation with a catch efficiency of 20% to 70% depending on meteorological conditions, the precipitation gauge and the wind shield used.
Abstract: Solid precipitation undercatch can reach 20%–70% depending on meteorological conditions, the precipitation gauge, and the wind shield used. Five catch efficiency transfer functions were sel...
TL;DR: In this paper, a technique for decomposing the sea surface height of the M2 internal tide field has been proposed, which decomposes the wave propagation in various baroclinic modes and various horizontal propagation directions.
Abstract: The M2 internal tide field contains waves of various baroclinic modes and various horizontal propagation directions. This paper presents a technique for decomposing the sea surface height (...
TL;DR: The restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) in the classical deep belief network (DBN) is substituted with the conditional restricted Boltzer machine (CRBM) containing temporal information, and the CRBM-DBN model is constructed, and key model parameters are used to predict the significant wave height.
Abstract: In recent years, deep learning technology has been gradually used for time series data prediction in various fields. In this paper, the restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) in the classical d...
TL;DR: In this article, continuous observations are required to reduce the uncertainties in climate models as so-called "continuous observations" are used to estimate the radiative budget of the Earth.
Abstract: Aerosols alter Earth’s radiative budget both directly and indirectly through interaction with clouds. Continuous observations are required to reduce the uncertainties in climate models asso...
TL;DR: Direct measurements of the relative water flow near the top and bottom of Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE) drifters were made in the northeast Pacific Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Direct measurements of the relative water flow near the top and bottom of Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE) drifters were made in the northeast Pacific Ocean and the Mediterranean Se...
TL;DR: A decades-long effort in observing precipitation from space has led to continuous improvements of satellite-derived passive microwave (PMW) large-scale precipitation products as mentioned in this paper, however, due to due...
Abstract: A decades-long effort in observing precipitation from space has led to continuous improvements of satellite-derived passive microwave (PMW) large-scale precipitation products. However, due ...
National Physical Laboratory1, University of Valencia2, University of Miami3, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology4, Office National d'Études et de Recherches Aérospatiales5, Hobart Corporation6, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory7, University of Southampton8, Danish Meteorological Institute9, Ocean University of China10, University of La Laguna11, European Space Agency12
TL;DR: In this article, a robust validation of imaging radiometers mounted on satellites requires robust validation using "fiducial quality" measurements of the same in situ parameter, which is required to ensure confidence.
Abstract: To ensure confidence, measurements carried out by imaging radiometers mounted on satellites require robust validation using “fiducial quality” measurements of the same in situ parameter. Fo...
TL;DR: In this paper, a short-term deterministic sea wave prediction (DSWP) is proposed for a number of maritime operations, such as ship-to-shore communications and ship propulsion.
Abstract: A number of maritime operations can benefit from a short-term deterministic sea wave prediction (DSWP). Conventional X-band radars have recently been shown to provide a low-cost convenient ...
TL;DR: Three satellite-derived precipitation datasets [the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) dataset, the NOAA Climate Prediction Center morphing tec...
Abstract: Three satellite-derived precipitation datasets [the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) dataset, the NOAA Climate Prediction Center morphing tec...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used video cameras to estimate time-varying total sea level at the coast by applying a celerity-based depth inversion method, which is conventionally used to estimate bathymetry from video.
Abstract: Nearshore complex and energetic hydrodynamic conditions make observing evolving processes during extreme and short-term events difficult. In particular, total sea levels at the coast are hard to measure with current techniques. Sea level is commonly measured with tidal gauges and spaceborne altimetry, which lack essential details of spatial and wave-related sea level variability along the coast. Hence, novel techniques, adapted to nearshore areas, are required. This paper presents the first-time use of video cameras to derive the total sea level at the coast. This novel approach consists of estimating time-varying total water levels by applying a celerity-based depth inversion method, which is conventionally used to estimate bathymetry from video. The video-derived total sea levels are compared to sea levels derived from an in situ acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP), the nearest tide gauge, and altimetry. A tidal harmonic analysis is performed on the video-derived water levels, yielding an accurate determination of the dominant tidal harmonics. However, it remains difficult to separate bathymetric changes due to the waves on beaches when rapid morphological changes occur under energetic conditions. Nonetheless, video-derived water-level anomalies are in good agreement with state-of-the-art altimetry products. Although there is still work to be done, the results show the potential to measure total sea level at the coast using video camera systems.
TL;DR: A small number of neurons are sufficient to reduce the bias, while 35–50 neurons produce the greatest reduction in both the scatter and systematic errors, and the nonlinear ensemble averaging using ANNs was able to improve the correlation coefficient on forecast day 10.
Abstract: Artificial neural networks (ANNs) applied to nonlinear wave ensemble averaging are developed and studied for Gulf of Mexico simulations. It is an approach that expands the conservative arit...
TL;DR: The SWOT mission as mentioned in this paper measured the sea surface height (SSH) using a Ka-band radar interferometer (KaRIn) over a swath off the nadir of the satellite trac...
Abstract: The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission will measure the sea surface height (SSH) using a Ka-band radar interferometer (KaRIn) over a swath off the nadir of the satellite trac...
TL;DR: Extensive evaluations have been performed on the dual-frequency classification module in the GPM Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) level-2 algorithm as discussed by the authors, and the results show that the dual frequency classification module performs well.
Abstract: Extensive evaluations have been performed on the dual-frequency classification module in the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) level-2 algorithm. B...
TL;DR: Collocated CloudSat rain rates and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) 89 GHz brightness temperature Tb retrievals allow for the development of an algorithm to estimate...
Abstract: Collocated CloudSat rain rates and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) 89-GHz brightness temperature Tb retrievals allow for the development of an algorithm to estimate ...