Showing papers in "Reproductive Toxicology in 2009"

TL;DR: It seems that several other AEDs potentiate the teratogenic effects of VPA, and when valproate cannot be avoided in pregnancy, the lowest possible effective dose should be prescribed in 2-3 divided doses, preferably as monotherapy.

TL;DR: Fertility, conception, survival of the conceptus, most phases and aspects of development studied to date, as well as postnatal survival and health are adversely impacted by maternal tobacco use or exposure.

TL;DR: The purpose of this paper is to qualitatively review the published epidemiologic literature as it pertains to the potential association of exposure to PFOS and PFOA with human fetal development and to offer insights that may be useful for human health risk characterization.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the classification of the compounds, based on TI values, allows to distinguish teratogens from non-teratogens and supports the application of zebrafish embryos as an alternative method for developmental toxicity studies to predict effects in mammals.

TL;DR: The zebrafish could therefore be used as cost-effective and ethically acceptable animal models for drug screening as well as toxicity testing, and appears to outplay the traditional rodent models of toxicity testing.

TL;DR: Overall this study showed that TCS decreased the synthesis of androgens followed by reduced sperm production in treated male rats which could be mediated by a decreased synthesis of LH and FSH thus involving hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis.

TL;DR: This review provides an overview of PPARalpha, beta, and gamma protein and mRNA expression during mouse, rat, and human development and presents the results from many published studies.

TL;DR: Results showed reduced iron levels and increased concentrations of cadmium, lead and arsenic in placentas of mothers delivering low birth weight neonates, but not differences in oxidative stress parameters or antioxidant enzymatic activities, suggesting a relationship betweenLow birth weight and placental concentration of cadMium, arsenic and lead.

TL;DR: Evidence that parabens may not be as safe as initially thought is discussed, and it is suggested that the interaction between paraben and mitochondrial function in the testis may be key in explaining the contribution ofParabens for a decrease in reproductive potential.

TL;DR: There was evidence that trans-DCCA was inversely associated with testosterone and free androgen index and the observed relationships were consistent with previous findings, but further research is needed for a better understanding of the potential association between pyrethroid insecticides and male reproduction.

TL;DR: Focusing on inter-species comparison, the complexity of fetal target organ response to maternal dosing with environmental chemicals during the period of major organogenesis revealed hierarchical relationships.

TL;DR: It is suggested that TBBPA did not exert developmental brain effects, while HBCD did, and 100 ppm was determined to be the no-observed-adverse-effect level of HBCd from changes in thyroid parameters at the adult stage by maternal exposure.

TL;DR: It is concluded that PFOS-induced neonatal lethality and delayed eye opening are not dependent on activation of PPAR alpha.

TL;DR: As part of a developmental neurotoxicology study for which developmental endpoints, including those related to the developing nervous system, have been reported separately, groups of 25 pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were given daily oral doses of either vehicle control or potassium PFOS to establish the relationship between PFOS concentrations and study outcomes.

TL;DR: Serum and liver concentrations of PFHxS are reported for parents, fetuses, and pups and PFHXS was not a reproductive or developmental toxicant under study conditions.

TL;DR: There is reason for concern that any treatment of pregnant women during the putative sensitive period that causes even minor decreases in adult reticulocyte count could also cause a marked depletion of embryonic erythroblasts which could lead to death or malformation of the embryo.

TL;DR: No significant effect was noted on maternal health or reproductive outcomes from dosing of maternal rats with K(+)PFOS throughout gestation, and mean serum concentrations of PFOS reported in a companion article for the 0.3mg/kg-d group maternal rats are several hundred times higher than those reported for females in the United States general population.

TL;DR: The results suggest that an increase in free radical formation relative to loss of antioxidant defense system after mercury exposure may render testis more susceptible to oxidative damage leading to their functional inactivation.

TL;DR: The effects of cadmium chloride exposure on sperm functional parameters were evaluated on eight-week-old ICR-CD1 male mice and resulted in an increased fraction of sperm with abnormal morphology, premature acrosome reaction and reduced motility.

TL;DR: The pilot data support the need to further explore perinatal PFC exposures and potentially related health effects, as planned in the upcoming National Children's Study, which provided the framework for this investigation.

TL;DR: The data indicate that immune alterations and brain asymmetry can occur in birds following in ovo exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of PFOS and demonstrates the need for further research on the developmental effects of perfluorinated compounds in various species.

TL;DR: Markedly elevated PFOA exposure, as categorized by water service category, is not associated with increased risk of lowered birth weight or gestational age, and this study does not confirm earlier findings of an association between PfoA and lowering birth weight observed at normal population levels.

TL;DR: All effects, except for impaired brain development, might be linked to systemic growth retardation, and the brain morphometric methods employed in this study may be useful to evaluate the potency of chemicals to induce hypothyroidism-related brain retardation.

TL;DR: The distinctive and unique phenotype associated with MFM exposure during pregnancy raised the hypothesis that MFM may be a real teratogenic drug and Appropriate recommendations to prevent this possible new embryopathy are given.

TL;DR: The peripubertal period is examined as an important window of mammary gland susceptibility to environmental exposures that may affect breast cancer risk later in life and underscores the need for caution when drawing conclusions about the effects of PFOA and possibly other environmental pollutants on the basis of studies in a single mouse strain.

TL;DR: The results indicate that PFAAs under these experimental conditions activate PPAR alpha, CAR, and PXR in rats but not chicken and fish and evidence that human populations with greater CAR expression have lower body burdens of PFAA is discussed.

TL;DR: Genistein and ethinyl estradiol (EE(2)) were examined in multigenerational reproductive and chronic toxicity studies that had different treatment intervals among generations, and compound-specific effects appeared to be enhanced in the offspring of prior exposed generations.

TL;DR: Results substantiate and extend previous reports that mammary gland hyperplasia in the male rat is one of the most sensitive markers of estrogenic endocrine disruption.

TL;DR: This update (version 2) of the Terminology of developmental abnormalities in common laboratory mammals incorporates improvements and enhancements to both content and organization of the terminology, to enable greater flexibility in its application, while maintaining a consistent approach to the description of findings.

TL;DR: The gene expression profile in embryonic stem cells (ESC) in the early phase of differentiation and its modulation by exposure to the well known embryotoxicant monobutyl phthalate (MBP) is studied.