Showing papers in "Trends in Genetics in 2003"

TL;DR: Identification of the genes responsible for dwarfing traits shows that they interfere with the action or production of the gibberellin (GA) plant hormones, enabling spectacular increases in wheat and rice yields during the 'Green Revolution'.

TL;DR: Polyploidy has long been recognized as a prominent force shaping the evolution of eukaryotes, especially flowering plants, and new phenotypes often arise with polyploid formation.

TL;DR: It is found that the introns, untranslated regions and coding sequences of the housekeeping genes are shorter, indicating a selection for compactness in these genes.

TL;DR: The functional properties of histone lysine methylation and the enzymes that catalyze this covalent modification are reviewed.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the biology of class II HDACs, newly discovered enzymes implicated as global regulators of gene expression during cell differentiation and development and discusses their emerging biological functions and the molecular mechanisms by which they are regulated.

TL;DR: The high conservation of the acetyltransferase complexes and their functions illustrates their central role in cell growth and development.

TL;DR: In addition to outlining the extraordinary diversity of mtDNA, this review highlights the divergent trends in mitochondrial genome evolution in the various eukaryotic lineages, and examines the relationship between mitochondrial and nuclear genome Evolution in a given organism.

TL;DR: Transposable elements (TEs) are abundant in mammalian genomes and have potentially contributed to their hosts' evolution by providing novel regulatory or coding sequences.

TL;DR: Microarray studies show relevant changes in gene expression profiles in HD models, providing useful information on the potential consequences of disrupted transcriptional pathways in HD.

TL;DR: The value of applying ITS2 RNA transcript secondary structure information to improve alignments is described, which then allows comparisons at even deeper taxonomic levels.

TL;DR: Characterization of the gene encoding jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase has provided basic information on the role(s) of this phytohormone in gene-activation control and systemic long-distance signaling.

TL;DR: Recently, several laboratories identifying proteins involved in the complex processes of replication, transcription and tumor suppression found that the 'new' protein they discovered had another, previously identified, function.

TL;DR: To increase the reliability of gene function annotation, multiple independent datasets need to be integrated and the recent development of strategies for such integration are reviewed and it is argued that these will be important for a systems approach to modular biology.

TL;DR: Evidence is found suggesting that TEs affect the expression of many genes through the donation of transcriptional regulatory signals, and that recently expanded gene classes, such as those involved in immunity or response to external stimuli, have transcripts enriched in TEs.

TL;DR: The evolution of the MBD proteins is described and it is argued that the vertebrate MBD complement evolved to exploit the benefits and protect against the dangers of a globally methylated genome.

TL;DR: Recent advances in transcriptomics and proteomics of the chloroplast make this organelle one of the best understood of all plant cell compartments.

TL;DR: Runx2 and Osx, a newly identified zinc-finger-containing protein, are transcription factors that are expressed selectively and at high levels in osteoblasts that lead to the hypothesis that Osx might have a role in the segregation of osteoblast from osteochondroprogenitors.

TL;DR: A recent exciting advance allows delivery of siRNAs into mammalian cells by a DNA vector that is capable of mediating stable target gene inhibition, thus allowing gene function analysis over an extended period of time.

TL;DR: An overview of the contemporary trend on various main analysis steps in the microarray data analysis process, which includes experimental design, data standardization, image acquisition and analysis, normalization, statistical significance inference, exploratory data analysis, class prediction and pathway analysis, as well as various considerations relevant to their implementation.

TL;DR: A pilot study showed "haplotype blocks" in 51 regions scattered throughout the genome, which raise important questions about the nature of recombination and highlight practical issues of marker collection, the influence of statistical modelling on apparent block structure, and the levels of genotyping necessary for studies of common diseases.

TL;DR: Some of the recent data on this gene family are presented with reference to selected phenotypes observed in patients and model organisms, and the sensitivity of developmental processes to alterations in forkhead gene dosage.

TL;DR: Most BGC(GC) events probably occur during meiosis, which has implications for the understanding of the evolution of sex and recombination, and recent genomic work suggests that it affects the base composition of yeast, invertebrate and mammalian genomes.

TL;DR: The consequences and significance of alternative promoter usage in human and mouse genomes are described, demonstrating that mammalian genes commonly employ multiple promoters to regulate and increase their transcriptional and translational potential.

TL;DR: This article provides examples with the aim of promoting the use of new strains belonging to different species of Mus established from wild progenitors, helpful for making genome annotations because they permit highly refined genotype-phenotype correlations.

TL;DR: It is proposed that sarcomeric HCM mutations lead to inefficient ATP utilization, supported by the HCM-like phenotype found with mutations in a variety of metabolic genes, and would have implications for therapy in HCM and, potentially, in more-common forms of cardiac hypertrophy and failure.

TL;DR: Several proteins have been identified as being similar to C-to-U mRNA editing enzymes based on their structural domains and the occurrence of a catalytic domain characteristic of cytidine deaminases and their structure, expression and relevance to biomedically significant processes or pathologies are considered.

TL;DR: It is shown that, for many high-level functional categories, the number of genes in each category scales as a power-law of the total number of molecules in the genome.

TL;DR: Understanding the developmental genetic basis of color differences in Drosophila could provide inroads to classic evolutionary problems such as industrial melanism, mimicry and phenotypic convergence.

TL;DR: This tutorial aims to introduce the basics of building and interpreting phylogenetic trees, and is intended for those wanting to understand better what they are looking at when they look at someone else's trees or to begin learning how to build their own.

TL;DR: Time estimates inferred using many genes or proteins have greater precision and appear to be robust to different approaches.