Journal ArticleDOI
A checklist for ecological management of landscapes for conservation
David B. Lindenmayer,Richard J. Hobbs,Rebecca Montague-Drake,Jason Alexandra,Andrew F. Bennett,Mark A. Burgman,Peter Cale,Aram J. K. Calhoun,Viki A. Cramer,Peter Cullen,Don A. Driscoll,Lenore Fahrig,Joern Fischer,Jerry F. Franklin,Yrjö Haila,Malcolm L. Hunter,Philip Gibbons,Sam Lake,Gary W. Luck,Chris MacGregor,Sue McIntyre,Ralph Charles Mac Nally,Adrian D. Manning,James R. Miller,H. A. Mooney,Reed F. Noss,Hugh P. Possingham,Denis A. Saunders,Fiona K. A. Schmiegelow,Michael L. Scott,Daniel Simberloff,Thomas D. Sisk,Gary M. Tabor,Brian Walker,John A. Wiens,John C. Z. Woinarski,Erika S. Zavaleta +36 more
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TLDR
Six major themes in the ecology and conservation of landscapes are assessed, including recognizing the importance of landscape mosaics, recognizing interactions between vegetation cover and vegetation configuration, and 13 important issues that need to be considered in developing approaches to landscape conservation.Abstract:
The management of landscapes for biological conservation and ecologically sustainable natural resource use are crucial global issues. Research for over two decades has resulted in a large literature, yet there is little consensus on the applicability or even the existence of general principles or broad considerations that could guide landscape conservation. We assess six major themes in the ecology and conservation of landscapes. We identify 13 important issues that need to be considered in developing approaches to landscape conservation. They include recognizing the importance of landscape mosaics (including the integration of terrestrial and aquatic areas), recognizing interactions between vegetation cover and vegetation configuration, using an appropriate landscape conceptual model, maintaining the capacity to recover from disturbance and managing landscapes in an adaptive framework. These considerations are influenced by landscape context, species assemblages and management goals and do not translate directly into on-the-ground management guidelines but they should be recognized by researchers and resource managers when developing guidelines for specific cases. Two crucial overarching issues are: (i) a clearly articulated vision for landscape conservation and (ii) quantifiable objectives that offer unambiguous signposts for measuring progress.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Brazilian Atlantic Forest:: how much is left and how is the remaining forest distributed? Implications for conservation
Milton Cezar Ribeiro,Jean Paul Metzger,Alexandre Camargo Martensen,Flávio Jorge Ponzoni,Márcia Makiko Hirota +4 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors quantify how much of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest still remains, and analyze its spatial distribution, and suggest some guidelines for conservation: (i) large mature forest fragments should be a conservation priority; (ii) smaller fragments can be managed in order to maintain functionally linked mosaics; (iii) the matrix surrounding fragments, and (iv) restoration actions should be taken, particularly in certain key areas.
Journal ArticleDOI
Novel ecosystems: implications for conservation and restoration
TL;DR: It is suggested that these novel systems will require significant revision of conservation and restoration norms and practices away from the traditional place-based focus on existing or historical assemblages.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anthropogenic transformation of the biomes, 1700 to 2000
TL;DR: The anthropogenic transformation of terrestrial biomes during and during the Industrial Revolution, from 1700 to 2000, was mapped and characterized by map comparisons at century intervals in this paper, and the transformation pathways differed strongly between biomes and regions, with some remaining mostly wild but with the majority almost completely transformed into rangelands, croplands and villages.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ten principles for a landscape approach to reconciling agriculture, conservation, and other competing land uses
Jeffrey Sayer,Terry Sunderland,Jaboury Ghazoul,Jean-Laurent Pfund,Douglas Sheil,Douglas Sheil,Douglas Sheil,Erik Meijaard,Erik Meijaard,Michelle Venter,Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono,Michael Day,Claude Garcia,Claude Garcia,Cora van Oosten,Louise E. Buck +15 more
TL;DR: It is found the landscape approach has been refined in response to increasing societal concerns about environment and development tradeoffs and there has been a shift from conservation-orientated perspectives toward increasing integration of poverty alleviation goals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prospects for tropical forest biodiversity in a human-modified world.
Toby A. Gardner,Jos Barlow,Robin L. Chazdon,Robert M. Ewers,Celia A. Harvey,Carlos A. Peres,Navjot S. Sodhi,Navjot S. Sodhi +7 more
TL;DR: A critical synthesis of the scientific insights that guide the understanding of patterns and processes underpinning forest biodiversity in the human-modified tropics are provided, and a conceptual framework that integrates a broad range of social and ecological factors that define and contextualize the possible future of tropical forest species is presented.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Global Consequences of Land Use
Jonathan A. Foley,Ruth DeFries,Gregory P. Asner,Carol C. Barford,Gordon B. Bonan,Stephen R. Carpenter,F. Stuart Chapin,Michael T. Coe,Michael T. Coe,Gretchen C. Daily,Holly K. Gibbs,Joseph H. Helkowski,Tracey Holloway,Erica A. Howard,Christopher J. Kucharik,Chad Monfreda,Jonathan A. Patz,I. Colin Prentice,Navin Ramankutty,Peter K. Snyder +19 more
TL;DR: Global croplands, pastures, plantations, and urban areas have expanded in recent decades, accompanied by large increases in energy, water, and fertilizer consumption, along with considerable losses of biodiversity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Extinction risk from climate change
Chris D. Thomas,Alison Cameron,Rhys E. Green,Rhys E. Green,Michel Bakkenes,Linda J. Beaumont,Yvonne C. Collingham,Barend F.N. Erasmus,Marinez Ferreira de Siqueira,Alan Grainger,Lee Hannah,Lesley Hughes,Brian Huntley,Albert S. van Jaarsveld,Guy F. Midgley,Lera Miles,Lera Miles,Miguel A. Ortega-Huerta,A. Townsend Peterson,Oliver L. Phillips,Stephen E. Williams +20 more
TL;DR: Estimates of extinction risks for sample regions that cover some 20% of the Earth's terrestrial surface show the importance of rapid implementation of technologies to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and strategies for carbon sequestration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Biodiversity
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest that the term "fragmentation" should be reserved for the breaking apart of habitat, independent of habitat loss, and that fragmentation per se has much weaker effects on biodiversity that are at least as likely to be positive as negative.
Journal ArticleDOI
Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems.
TL;DR: Recent studies show that a loss of resilience usually paves the way for a switch to an alternative state, which suggests that strategies for sustainable management of such ecosystems should focus on maintaining resilience.
Journal ArticleDOI
Resilience, Adaptability and Transformability in Social–ecological Systems
TL;DR: The concept of resilience has evolved considerably since Holling's (1973) seminal paper as discussed by the authors and different interpretations of what is meant by resilience, however, cause confusion, and it can be counterproductive to seek definitions that are too narrow.
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