A Detection of Water in the Transmission Spectrum of the Hot Jupiter WASP-12b and Implications for its Atmospheric Composition
Laura Kreidberg,Michael R. Line,Jacob L. Bean,Kevin B. Stevenson,Jean-Michel Desert,Nikku Madhusudhan,Jonathan J. Fortney,Joanna K. Barstow,Gregory W. Henry,Michael H. Williamson,Adam P. Showman +10 more
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In this article, a near-infrared transmission spectrum for WASP-12b based on six transit observations with the Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3 (HST-WFC) was reported.Abstract:
Detailed characterization of exoplanets has begun to yield measurements of their atmospheric properties that constrain the planets’ origins and evolution. For example, past observations of the dayside emission spectrum of the hot Jupiter WASP-12b indicated that its atmosphere has a high carbon-tooxygen ratio (C/O > 1), suggesting it had a dierent formation pathway than is commonly assumed for giant planets. Here we report a precise near-infrared transmission spectrum for WASP-12b based on six transit observations with the Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3. We bin the data in 13 spectrophotometric light curves from 0.84 - 1.67 m and measure the transit depths to a median precision of 51 ppm. We retrieve the atmospheric properties using the transmission spectrum and nd strong evidence for water absorption (7 condence). This detection marks the rst high-condence, spectroscopic identication of a molecule in the atmosphere of WASP-12b. The retrieved 1 water volume mixing ratio is between 10 5 10 2 , which is consistent with C/O > 1 to within 2 . However, we also introduce a new retrieval parameterization that ts for C/O and metallicity under the assumption of chemical equilibrium. With this approach, we constrain C/O to 0:5 +0:2 0:3 at 1 and rule out a carbon-rich atmosphere composition (C/O> 1) at > 3 condence. Further observations and modeling of the planet’s global thermal structure and dynamics would aid in resolving the tension between our inferred C/O and previous constraints. Our ndings highlight the importance of obtaining high-precision data with multiple observing techniques in order to obtain robust constraints on the chemistry and physics of exoplanet atmospheres. Subject headings: planets and satellites: atmospheres | planets and satellites: composition | planets and satellites: individual: WASP-12bread more
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Characterizing transiting exoplanet atmospheres with jwst
Thomas P. Greene,Michael R. Line,Cezar Montero,Jonathan J. Fortney,Jacob Lustig-Yaeger,Kyle Luther +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore how well spectra from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will likely constrain bulk atmospheric properties of transiting exoplanets.
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Characterizing transiting exoplanet atmospheres with JWST
Thomas P. Greene,Michael R. Line,Cezar Montero,Jonathan J. Fortney,Jacob Lustig-Yeager,Kyle Luther +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore how well James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) spectra will likely constrain bulk atmospheric properties of transiting exoplanets, and they find that the JWST spectra can often constrain the major molecular constituents of clear solar composition atmospheres well.
batman: BAsic Transit Model cAlculatioN in Python
TL;DR: Batman as discussed by the authors is a Python package for modeling exoplanet transit light curves that uses C extension modules to speed up model calculation and is parallelized with OpenMP, which can calculate one million quadratic limb-darkened models in 30 seconds with a single 1.7 GHz Intel Core i5 processor.
Journal ArticleDOI
From thermal dissociation to condensation in the atmospheres of ultra hot Jupiters: WASP-121b in context
Vivien Parmentier,Vivien Parmentier,Michael R. Line,Jacob L. Bean,Megan Mansfield,Laura Kreidberg,Roxana Lupu,Channon Visscher,Channon Visscher,Jean-Michel Desert,Jonathan J. Fortney,M. Deleuil,Jacob Arcangeli,Adam P. Showman,Mark S. Marley +14 more
TL;DR: The spectral properties of ultra hot Jupiters were investigated in this article, where the authors used the SPARC/MITgcm spectral model to model the atmospheres of the four ultra hot supergiants and discussed more thoroughly the case of WASP-121b.
Journal ArticleDOI
The imprint of exoplanet formation history on observable present-day spectra of hot Jupiters
Christoph Mordasini,Christoph Mordasini,R. van Boekel,Paul Mollière,Th. Henning,Björn Benneke +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, a chain of models, linking the formation of a planet to its observable present-day spectrum, is presented, including the planet's formation and migration, its long-term thermodynamic evolution, a variety of disk chemistry models, a non-gray atmospheric model, and a radiometric model to obtain simulated spectroscopic observations with James Webb Space Telescope and ARIEL.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
WASP-12b: The hottest transiting planet yet discovered
Leslie Hebb,Andrew Collier-Cameron,B. Loeillet,Don Pollacco,G. Hebrard,R. A. Street,François Bouchy,H. C. Stempels,C. Moutou,E. Simpson,Stéphane Udry,Y. C. Yoshi,Richard G. West,I. Skillen,D. M. Wilson,Iain McDonald,Neale P. Gibson +16 more
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Michael R. Line,Aaron S. Wolf,Xi Zhang,Heather A. Knutson,Joshua A. Kammer,Elias Ellison,Pieter Deroo,D. Crisp,Yuk L. Yung +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare three spectral retrieval methods: optimal estimation, differential evolution Markov chain Monte Carlo, and bootstrap Monte Carlo on a synthetic water-dominated hot Jupiter and find that the three approaches agree for high spectral resolution, high signal-to-noise data expected to come from potential future spaceborne missions, but disagree for low-resolution, low signal tonoise spectra representative of current observations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transmission Spectra of Three-Dimensional Hot Jupiter Model Atmospheres
J. J. Fortney,Megan Shabram,Adam P. Showman,Yuan Lian,Richard S. Freedman,Richard S. Freedman,Mark S. Marley,Nikole K. Lewis +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity for the generic planets as a guide to understanding transmission spectra in general were examined, and it was shown that carbon dioxide absorption at 4.4 and 15 μm is prominent at high metalicity.
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A low-temperature origin for the planetesimals that formed Jupiter
Tobias Owen,Paul R. Mahaffy,Hasso B. Niemann,Sushil K. Atreya,T. M. Donahue,Akiva Bar-Nun,I. de Pater +6 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Chemical Consequences of the C/O Ratio on Hot Jupiters: Examples from WASP-12b, CoRoT-2b, XO-1b, and HD 189733b
TL;DR: The results of these models are compared with secondary-eclipse photometric data from the Spitzer Space Telescope and conclude that disequilibrium models with C/O ~ 1 are consistent with spectra of WASP-12b, XO-1b, and CoRoT-2b, confirming the possible carbon-rich nature of these planets.
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