Open AccessBook Chapter
Atmospheric chemistry and greenhouse gases
Dieter H. Ehhalt,Michael J. Prather,Frank Dentener,Richard G. Derwent,Edward J. Dlugokencky,Elisabeth A. Holland,Ivar S. A. Isaksen,J. Katima,V. Kirchhoff,Pamela A. Matson,P. Midgley,M. Wang +11 more
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The IPCC Third Assessment Report Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis as mentioned in this paper is a summary of the scientific basis for climate change and its impact on the global environment, including the impact of global atmospheric chemistry change.Abstract:
Chapter 4 of the IPCC Third Assessment Report Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Sections include: Executive Summary 2414.1 Introduction 2434.2 Trace Gases: Current Observations, Trends and Budgets 2484.3 Projections of Future Emissions 2664.4 Projections of Atmospheric Composition for the 21st Century 2674.5 Open Questions 2774.6 Overall Impact of Global Atmospheric Chemistry Change 279read more
Citations
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Book Chapter
Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing
Piers M. Forster,Venkatachalam Ramaswamy,Paulo Artaxo,Terje Koren Berntsen,Richard Betts,David W. Fahey,Jim Haywood,Judith Lean,David C. Lowe,Gunnar Myhre,John Nganga,Ronald G. Prinn,Graciela B. Raga,Michael Schulz,Rob van Dorland,Greg Bodeker,Oliver Boucher,William D. Collins,T.J. Conway,Edward J. Dlugokencky,James W. Elkins,David Etheridge,P. Foukal,Paul J. Fraser,Marvyn Geller,Fortunat Joos,Charles D. Keeling,Stefan Kinne,K. Lassey,Ulrike Lohmann,Andrew C. Manning,S. A. Montzka,David E. Oram,K. O'Shaughnessy,S. Piper,Gian-Kasper Plattner,Michael Ponater,Navin Ramankutty,G. Reid,David Rind,Karen H. Rosenlof,Robert Sausen,D. Schwarzkopf,S.K. Solanki,Garry Stenchikov,N. Stuber,Toshihiko Takemura,Christiane Textor,R. Wang,Ray F. Weiss,T. Whorf +50 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrogen cycles: past, present, and future
James N. Galloway,Frank Dentener,Douglas G. Capone,Elizabeth W. Boyer,Robert W. Howarth,Sybil P. Seitzinger,G. P. Asner,Cory C. Cleveland,P. A. Green,Elisabeth A. Holland,David M. Karl,Anthony F. Michaels,John H. Porter,Alan R. Townsend,Charles J. Vörösmarty +14 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the natural and anthropogenic controls on the conversion of unreactive N2 to more reactive forms of nitrogen (Nr) and found that human activities increasingly dominate the N budget at the global and at most regional scales, and the terrestrial and open ocean N budgets are essentially dis-connected.
Journal ArticleDOI
The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300
Malte Meinshausen,Malte Meinshausen,Steven J. Smith,Katherine Calvin,John S. Daniel,Mikiko Kainuma,Jean-Francois Lamarque,Ken'ichi Matsumoto,Ken'ichi Matsumoto,Stephen A. Montzka,Sarah C. B. Raper,Keywan Riahi,Allison M. Thomson,Guus J. M. Velders,D.P. van Vuuren,D.P. van Vuuren +15 more
TL;DR: In this article, the greenhouse gas concentrations for the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) and their extensions beyond 2100, the Extended ConcentrationPathways (ECPs), are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Nitrogen Cascade
James N. Galloway,John D. Aber,Jan Willem Erisman,Sybil P. Seitzinger,Robert W. Howarth,Ellis B. Cowling,B. Jack Cosby +6 more
TL;DR: The only way to eliminate Nr accumulation and stop the cascade is to convert Nr back to nonreactive N2, which leads to lag times in the continuation of the cascade.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficacy of climate forcings
James Hansen,James Hansen,Makiko Sato,Reto Ruedy,Larissa Nazarenko,Andrew A. Lacis,Andrew A. Lacis,Gavin A. Schmidt,Gavin A. Schmidt,Gary L. Russell,I. Aleinov,Mike Bauer,Susanne E. Bauer,N. Bell,Brian Cairns,Vittorio Canuto,Mark A. Chandler,Yu Cheng,A. D. Del Genio,A. D. Del Genio,G. Faluvegi,Eric L. Fleming,Andrew D. Friend,Timothy M. Hall,Timothy M. Hall,Charles H. Jackman,M. Kelley,Nancy Y. Kiang,D. Koch,D. Koch,Judith Lean,J. Lerner,Ken K. Lo,Surabi Menon,Ron L. Miller,Ron L. Miller,Patrick Minnis,T. Novakov,Valdar Oinas,Ja. Perlwitz,J. Perlwitz,David Rind,David Rind,Anastasia Romanou,Anastasia Romanou,Drew Shindell,Drew Shindell,Peter Stone,Shan Sun,Shan Sun,N. Tausnev,D. Thresher,Bruce A. Wielicki,Takmeng Wong,Mao-Sung Yao,S. Zhang +55 more
TL;DR: The authors used a global climate model to compare the effectiveness of many climate forcing agents for producing climate change and found that replacing traditional instantaneous and adjusted forcings with an easily computed alternative, Fs, yields a better predictor of climate change, i.e., its efficacies are closer to unity.
References
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Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica
J. R. Petit,Jean Jouzel,Dominique Raynaud,J. M. Barnola,I. Basile,Michael L. Bender,Jérôme Chappellaz,Michael Davis,Gilles Delaygue,Marc Delmotte,V. M. Kotlyakov,Michel Legrand,Vladimir Ya. Lipenkov,C. Lorius,L. Pepin,Catherine Ritz,Eric S. Saltzman,Michel Stievenard +17 more
TL;DR: The recent completion of drilling at Vostok station in East Antarctica has allowed the extension of the ice record of atmospheric composition and climate to the past four glacial-interglacial cycles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica
J. R. Petit,Jean Jouzel,Dominique Raynaud,Nartsiss I. Barkov,I. Basile,Michael L. Bender,Jérôme Chappellaz,M. Davisk,G. Delaygue,Marc Delmotte,V. M. Kotlyakov,Michel Legrand,Vladimir Ya. Lipenkov,C. Lorius,Catherine Ritz,E. Saltzmank,Michel Stievenard +16 more
TL;DR: The recent completion of drilling at Vostok station in East Antarctica has allowed the extension of the ice record of atmospheric composition and climate to the past four glacial-interglacial cycles as discussed by the authors.
Book
Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change
TL;DR: The most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment available for scientific understanding of human influences on the past present and future climate is "Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change" as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions
Alex Guenther,C. Nicholas Hewitt,David J. Erickson,Ray Fall,Chris Geron,Thomas E. Graedel,Peter Harley,Lee Klinger,Manuel T. Lerdau,W. A. Mckay,Tom Pierce,Bob Scholes,Rainer Steinbrecher,Raja Tallamraju,John Taylor,Patrick R. Zimmerman +15 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a global model to estimate emissions of volatile organic compounds from natural sources (NVOC), which has a highly resolved spatial grid and generates hourly average emission estimates.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global and Regional Scale Precipitation Patterns Associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation
TL;DR: In this article, the amplitude and phase of the Arm harmonic fitted to the 24-month composite values are plotted in the form of a vector for each station, which reveals both the regions of spatially coherent ENSO-related precipitation and the phase of this signal in relation to the evolution of the composite episode.
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