Journal ArticleDOI
Bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) diversity within apple orchards and old fields in the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia, Canada
TLDR
Diversity and guild structure of bee communities are compared across a range of land disturbance levels within the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia, Canada, in habitats ranging from managed apple orchards to old fields, with significant differences in species richness.Abstract:
Bees are important within terrestrial ecosystems, providing pollination, which facilitates plant reproduction. Agricultural regions are large landscapes containing varying proportions of cropland, natural, and semi-natural habitats. Most bees are not restricted to any of these and move freely throughout, exploiting food and nesting resources in favourable locations. Many factors affect bee diversity, and knowledge of these is crucial for promoting healthy bee communities. The main objectives of this study were to compare diversity and guild structure of bee communities across a range of land disturbance levels within the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia, Canada, in habitats ranging from managed apple orchards to old fields. The two habitat extremes differed significantly; intensely managed orchards had significantly lower species richness (∼50%) than observed/estimated in old fields, but orchards with intermediate levels of adjacent natural/semi-natural habitat showed affinities to either extreme depending on the metrics used for estimating species richness. Species assemblages in orchards had lower proportions of several guilds, particularly cavity-nesters, bumble bees, and cleptoparasites, than other habitats. These guilds accounted for over 30% of bees collected in old fields but only 3–10% in orchards, increasing with habitat complexity. The use of guilds for assessing the health of bee communities is discussed.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Decreasing Abundance, Increasing Diversity and Changing Structure of the Wild Bee Community (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) along an Urbanization Gradient
Laura Fortel,Mickaël Henry,Laurent Guilbaud,Anne Guirao,Michael Kuhlmann,Hugues Mouret,Orianne Rollin,Bernard E. Vaissière +7 more
TL;DR: It is found that urban areas supported a diverse bee community, but sites with an intermediate level of urbanization were the most speciose ones, including greater proportion of parasitic species.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Functional Consequences of Biodiversity. Empirical Progress and Theoretical Extensions
Journal ArticleDOI
Pollination services are mediated by bee functional diversity and landscape context
TL;DR: Wild bees, which exhibit multiple functional traits enabling pollination of apples, can potentially compensate for recent declines in domesticated honey bees that are conventionally employed to ensure apple fruit and seed set.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pollination services for apple are dependent on diverse wild bee communities
TL;DR: The results suggest that management of diverse pollinator communities may decrease reliance on managed honey bees for pollination services and enhance crop yields, and demonstrate the important role of functional complementarity of wild bees, defined here as functional group diversity, to crop pollination even in the presence of large populations of managed bees.
Journal ArticleDOI
The potential of cleptoparasitic bees as indicator taxa for assessing bee communities
TL;DR: It is proposed that functional diversity of bee communities offers a more consistent means of evaluation and suggested that cleptoparasitic bees in particular show much promise as indicator taxa.
References
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Book
Measuring Biological Diversity
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the pressure humanity is placing on the natural world, and on the continued ability of ecosystems to deliver the services on which we all depend, and develop strategies to ameliorate its impact.
Book
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TL;DR: A study of the issue indicates that it is not a serious problem for neutral theory, and there is sometimes a difference between some of the simulation-based results of Hubbell and the analytical results of Volkov et al. (2003).
Journal ArticleDOI
Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops
Alexandra-Maria Klein,Bernard E. Vaissière,James H. Cane,Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter,Saul A. Cunningham,Claire Kremen,Teja Tscharntke +6 more
TL;DR: It is found that fruit, vegetable or seed production from 87 of the leading global food crops is dependent upon animal pollination, while 28 crops do not rely upon animalPollination, however, global production volumes give a contrasting perspective.
Journal ArticleDOI
Estimating Terrestrial Biodiversity through Extrapolation
TL;DR: The importance of using 'reference' sites to assess the true richness and composition of species assemblages, to measure ecologically significant ratios between unrelated taxa, toMeasure taxon/sub-taxon (hierarchical) ratios, and to 'calibrate' standardized sampling methods is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity – ecosystem service management
TL;DR: In this article, the negative and positive effects of agricultural land use for the conservation of biodiversity, and its relation to ecosystem services, need a landscape perspective, which is difficult to be found in the literature.
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