Journal ArticleDOI
Biophysical forcings of land‐use changes from potential forestry activities in North America
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TLDR
In this article, the authors assessed the biophysical forcings and climatic impact of vegetation replacement across North America by comparing satellite-derived albedo, land surface temperature (LST), and evapotranspiration (ET) between adjacent vegetation types.Abstract:
Land-use changes through forestry and other activities alter not just carbon storage, but biophysical properties, including albedo, surface roughness, and canopy conductance, all of which affect temperature. This study assessed the biophysical forcings and climatic impact of vegetation replacement across North America by comparing satellite-derived albedo, land surface temperature (LST), and evapotranspiration (ET) between adjacent vegetation types. We calculated radiative forcings (RF) for potential local conversions from croplands (CRO) or grasslands (GRA) to evergreen needleleaf (ENF) or deciduous broadleaf (DBF) forests. Forests generally had lower albedo than adjacent grasslands or croplands, particularly in locations with snow. They also had warmer nighttime LST, cooler daily and daytime LST in warm seasons, and smaller daily LST ranges. Darker forest surfaces induced positive RFs, dampening the cooling effect of carbon sequestration. The mean (±SD) albedo-induced RFs for each land conversion were e...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Biophysical and economic limits to negative CO2 emissions
Pete Smith,Steven J. Davis,Felix Creutzig,Sabine Fuss,Jan C. Minx,Jan C. Minx,Benoit Gabrielle,Etsushi Kato,Robert B. Jackson,Annette Cowie,Elmar Kriegler,Detlef P. van Vuuren,Detlef P. van Vuuren,Joeri Rogelj,Joeri Rogelj,Philippe Ciais,J. Milne,Josep G. Canadell,David L. McCollum,Glen P. Peters,Robbie M. Andrew,Volker Krey,Gyami Shrestha,Pierre Friedlingstein,Thomas Gasser,Arnulf Grubler,Wolfgang K. Heidug,Matthias Jonas,Chris D. Jones,Florian Kraxner,Emma Littleton,J. Lowe,José Roberto Moreira,Nebojsa Nakicenovic,Michael Obersteiner,Anand Patwardhan,Mathis Rogner,Edward S. Rubin,Ayyoob Sharifi,Asbjørn Torvanger,Yoshiki Yamagata,Jae Edmonds,Cho Yongsung +42 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantify potential global impacts of different negative emissions technologies on various factors (such as land, greenhouse gas emissions, water, albedo, nutrients and energy) to determine the biophysical limits to, and economic costs of, their widespread application.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biophysical climate impacts of recent changes in global forest cover
TL;DR: An observation-driven assessment of the climate impacts of recent forest losses and gains, based on Earth observations of global forest cover and land surface temperatures, shows that forest losses amplify the diurnal temperature variation and increase the mean and maximum air temperature.
Journal ArticleDOI
Local cooling and warming effects of forests based on satellite observations
TL;DR: New evidence acquired from global satellite data to analyse the biophysical effects of forests on local climate is presented and it is shown that tropical forests have a strong cooling effect throughout the year; temperate forests show moderate cooling in summer and moderate warming in winter with net cooling annually.
Journal ArticleDOI
Using cover crops to mitigate and adapt to climate change. A review
Jason P. Kaye,Miguel Quemada +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the potential for cover crops to mitigate climate change by tallying all of the positive and negative impacts of cover crops on the net global warming potential of agricultural fields is reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The mark of vegetation change on Earth’s surface energy balance
TL;DR: It is shown that perturbations in the surface energy balance generated by vegetation change from 2000 to 2015 have led to an average increase of 0.23 ± 0.03 °C in local surface temperature where those vegetation changes occurred.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Forests and Climate Change: Forcings, Feedbacks, and the Climate Benefits of Forests
TL;DR: Interdisciplinary science that integrates knowledge of the many interacting climate services of forests with the impacts of global change is necessary to identify and understand as yet unexplored feedbacks in the Earth system and the potential of forests to mitigate climate change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global land cover mapping from MODIS: algorithms and early results
Mark A. Friedl,D.K. McIver,J.C.F. Hodges,Xiaoyang Zhang,D. Muchoney,Alan H. Strahler,Curtis E. Woodcock,Sucharita Gopal,Annemarie Schneider,Amanda Cooper,Alessandro Baccini,Feng Gao,Crystal B. Schaaf +12 more
TL;DR: This product provides maps of global land cover at 1-km spatial resolution using several classification systems, principally that of the IGBP, and a supervised classification methodology is used that exploits a global database of training sites interpreted from high-resolution imagery in association with ancillary data.
Journal ArticleDOI
First operational BRDF, albedo nadir reflectance products from MODIS
Crystal B. Schaaf,Feng Gao,Alan H. Strahler,Wolfgang Lucht,Xiaowen Li,Trevor Tsang,Nicholas C. Strugnell,Xiaoyang Zhang,Yufang Jin,Jan-Peter Muller,Philip Lewis,M. J. Barnsley,P. Hobson,Mathias Disney,Gareth Roberts,Michael Dunderdale,Christopher N.H. Doll,Robert P. d'Entremont,Baoxin Hu,Shunlin Liang,Jeffrey L. Privette,David P. Roy +21 more
TL;DR: The MODIS BRDF/Albedo algorithm makes use of a semi-empirical kernel-driven bidirectional reflectance model and multidate, multispectral data to provide global 1-km gridded and tiled products of the land surface every 16 days.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improvements to a MODIS global terrestrial evapotranspiration algorithm
TL;DR: In this article, an improved version of the global evapotranspiration (ET) algorithm based on MODIS and global meteorology data has been proposed, which simplifies the calculation of vegetation cover fraction, calculating ET as the sum of daytime and nighttime components, adding soil heat flux calculation, improving estimates of stomatal conductance, aerodynamic resistance and boundary layer resistance, separating dry canopy surface from the wet and dividing soil surface into saturated wet surface and moist surface.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficacy of climate forcings
James Hansen,James Hansen,Makiko Sato,Reto Ruedy,Larissa Nazarenko,Andrew A. Lacis,Andrew A. Lacis,Gavin A. Schmidt,Gavin A. Schmidt,Gary L. Russell,I. Aleinov,Mike Bauer,Susanne E. Bauer,N. Bell,Brian Cairns,Vittorio Canuto,Mark A. Chandler,Yu Cheng,A. D. Del Genio,A. D. Del Genio,G. Faluvegi,Eric L. Fleming,Andrew D. Friend,Timothy M. Hall,Timothy M. Hall,Charles H. Jackman,M. Kelley,Nancy Y. Kiang,D. Koch,D. Koch,Judith Lean,J. Lerner,Ken K. Lo,Surabi Menon,Ron L. Miller,Ron L. Miller,Patrick Minnis,T. Novakov,Valdar Oinas,Ja. Perlwitz,J. Perlwitz,David Rind,David Rind,Anastasia Romanou,Anastasia Romanou,Drew Shindell,Drew Shindell,Peter Stone,Shan Sun,Shan Sun,N. Tausnev,D. Thresher,Bruce A. Wielicki,Takmeng Wong,Mao-Sung Yao,S. Zhang +55 more
TL;DR: The authors used a global climate model to compare the effectiveness of many climate forcing agents for producing climate change and found that replacing traditional instantaneous and adjusted forcings with an easily computed alternative, Fs, yields a better predictor of climate change, i.e., its efficacies are closer to unity.
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