Journal ArticleDOI
Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons
Jacek Kasprzak,Maxime Richard,S. Kundermann,A. Baas,P. Jeambrun,Jonathan Keeling,Francesca Maria Marchetti,Marzena H. Szymańska,Régis André,Jl Staehli,Vincenzo Savona,Peter B. Littlewood,Benoit Deveaud,Le Si Dang +13 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
A comprehensive set of experiments giving compelling evidence for BEC of polaritons of bosonic quasi-particles are detailed, which indicate the spontaneous onset of a macroscopic quantum phase.Abstract:
Phase transitions to quantum condensed phases—such as Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC), superfluidity, and superconductivity—have long fascinated scientists, as they bring pure quantum effects to a macroscopic scale. BEC has, for example, famously been demonstrated in dilute atom gas of rubidium atoms at temperatures below 200 nanokelvin. Much effort has been devoted to finding a solid-state system in which BEC can take place. Promising candidate systems are semiconductor microcavities, in which photons are confined and strongly coupled to electronic excitations, leading to the creation of exciton polaritons. These bosonic quasi-particles are 109 times lighter than rubidium atoms, thus theoretically permitting BEC to occur at standard cryogenic temperatures. Here we detail a comprehensive set of experiments giving compelling evidence for BEC of polaritons. Above a critical density, we observe massive occupation of the ground state developing from a polariton gas at thermal equilibrium at 19 K, an increase of temporal coherence, and the build-up of long-range spatial coherence and linear polarization, all of which indicate the spontaneous onset of a macroscopic quantum phase. Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC), a form of matter first postulated in 1924, has famously been demonstrated in dilute atomic gases at ultra-low temperatures. Much effort is now being devoted to exploring solid-state systems in which BEC can occur. In theory semiconductor microcavities, where photons are confined and coupled to electronic excitations leading to the creation of polaritons, could allow BEC at standard cryogenic temperatures. Kasprzak et al. now present experiments in which polaritons are excited in such a microcavity. Above a critical polariton density, spontaneous onset of a macroscopic quantum phase occurs, indicating a solid-state BEC. BEC should also be possible at higher temperatures if coupling of light with solid excitations is sufficiently strong. Demokritov et al. have achieved just that, BEC at room temperature in a gas of magnons, which are a type of magnetic excitation. This paper presents a comprehensive set of experiments in which polaritons are excited in a semiconductor microcavity. Above a critical density of polaritons, massive occupation of the ground state at 19 K is observed and various pieces of experimental evidence point to a spontaneous onset of a macroscopic quantum phase.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular nanopolaritonics: Cross manipulation of near-field plasmons and molecules. I. Theory and application to junction control
Daniel Neuhauser,Kenneth Lopata +1 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the direction of the dipole of the molecules determines the direction the polariton chooses and the precise position of the molecule has a significant effect on the transfer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electrically tunable organic-inorganic hybrid polaritons with monolayer WS2.
Lucas C. Flatten,David M. Coles,Zhengyu He,David G. Lidzey,Robert A. Taylor,Jamie H. Warner,Jason M. Smith +6 more
TL;DR: A device in which hybrid polaritons are displayed at ambient temperatures, the excitonic component of which is part Frenkel and part Wannier-Mott, and in which the dominant exciton type can be switched with an applied voltage, offering a perspective for electrically controlled nonlinear polariton devices at room temperature.
Journal ArticleDOI
Real-space collapse of a polariton condensate.
Lorenzo Dominici,M. Petrov,Michał Matuszewski,Dario Ballarini,M. De Giorgi,David Colas,Emiliano Cancellieri,B. Silva Fernández,Alberto Bramati,Giuseppe Gigli,Alexey Kavokin,Alexey Kavokin,Fabrice P. Laussy,Daniele Sanvitto +13 more
TL;DR: The unique phenomenology that is observed when a pulse of light impacts the polariton vacuum is reported: the fluid which is suddenly created does not splash but instead coheres into a very bright spot, suggesting that an unconventional mechanism is at play.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exciton-polariton condensates near the Dirac point in a triangular lattice
Na Young Kim,Kenichiro Kusudo,Andreas Loeffler,Sven Hoefling,Alfred Forchel,Yoshihisa Yamamoto +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors directly map the liner dispersions near the Dirac points, the vertices of the first hexagonal Brillouin zone from exciton-polariton condensates trapped in a triangular lattice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nonequilibrium Precondensation of Classical Waves in Two Dimensions Propagating through Atomic Vapors.
TL;DR: Experimental and theoretical analysis of near field images reveal a phenomenon of nonequilibrium precondensation, characterized by a fast relaxation towards a precondensate fraction of up to 75%.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Absence of Ferromagnetism or Antiferromagnetism in One- or Two-Dimensional Isotropic Heisenberg Models
N. D. Mermin,Herbert Wagner +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, it is rigorously proved that at any nonzero temperature, a one- or two-dimensional isotropic spin-S$ Heisenberg model with finite-range exchange interaction can be neither ferromagnetic nor antiferromagnetic.
Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
TL;DR: A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled and exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms.
K. B. Davis,M.-O. Mewes,M. R. Andrews,N.J. van Druten,Dallin Durfee,D. M. Kurn,Wolfgang Ketterle +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, Bose-Einstein condensation of sodium atoms was observed in a novel trap that employed both magnetic and optical forces, which increased the phase-space density by 6 orders of magnitude within seven seconds.
Proceedings Article
Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms
TL;DR: The striking signature of Bose condensation was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of ~2µK.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bose-Einstein condensation
TL;DR: The Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) phenomenon was first introduced by Bose as discussed by the authors, who derived the Planck law for black-body radiation by treating the photons as a gas of identical particles.