Journal ArticleDOI
Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons
Jacek Kasprzak,Maxime Richard,S. Kundermann,A. Baas,P. Jeambrun,Jonathan Keeling,Francesca Maria Marchetti,Marzena H. Szymańska,Régis André,Jl Staehli,Vincenzo Savona,Peter B. Littlewood,Benoit Deveaud,Le Si Dang +13 more
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TLDR
A comprehensive set of experiments giving compelling evidence for BEC of polaritons of bosonic quasi-particles are detailed, which indicate the spontaneous onset of a macroscopic quantum phase.Abstract:
Phase transitions to quantum condensed phases—such as Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC), superfluidity, and superconductivity—have long fascinated scientists, as they bring pure quantum effects to a macroscopic scale. BEC has, for example, famously been demonstrated in dilute atom gas of rubidium atoms at temperatures below 200 nanokelvin. Much effort has been devoted to finding a solid-state system in which BEC can take place. Promising candidate systems are semiconductor microcavities, in which photons are confined and strongly coupled to electronic excitations, leading to the creation of exciton polaritons. These bosonic quasi-particles are 109 times lighter than rubidium atoms, thus theoretically permitting BEC to occur at standard cryogenic temperatures. Here we detail a comprehensive set of experiments giving compelling evidence for BEC of polaritons. Above a critical density, we observe massive occupation of the ground state developing from a polariton gas at thermal equilibrium at 19 K, an increase of temporal coherence, and the build-up of long-range spatial coherence and linear polarization, all of which indicate the spontaneous onset of a macroscopic quantum phase. Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC), a form of matter first postulated in 1924, has famously been demonstrated in dilute atomic gases at ultra-low temperatures. Much effort is now being devoted to exploring solid-state systems in which BEC can occur. In theory semiconductor microcavities, where photons are confined and coupled to electronic excitations leading to the creation of polaritons, could allow BEC at standard cryogenic temperatures. Kasprzak et al. now present experiments in which polaritons are excited in such a microcavity. Above a critical polariton density, spontaneous onset of a macroscopic quantum phase occurs, indicating a solid-state BEC. BEC should also be possible at higher temperatures if coupling of light with solid excitations is sufficiently strong. Demokritov et al. have achieved just that, BEC at room temperature in a gas of magnons, which are a type of magnetic excitation. This paper presents a comprehensive set of experiments in which polaritons are excited in a semiconductor microcavity. Above a critical density of polaritons, massive occupation of the ground state at 19 K is observed and various pieces of experimental evidence point to a spontaneous onset of a macroscopic quantum phase.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Strong plasmon–exciton coupling in transition metal dichalcogenides and plasmonic nanostructures
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the plasmon-exciton coupling between excitons in TMDs and plasmons in single nanoparticles, nanoparticle-over-mirrors, and plasmoric arrays.
Journal ArticleDOI
Talbot Effect for Exciton Polaritons.
Tingge Gao,Eliezer Estrecho,Guangyao Li,Oleg A. Egorov,Xuekai Ma,K. Winkler,Martin Kamp,Christian Schneider,Sven Höfling,Sven Höfling,Andrew Truscott,Elena A. Ostrovskaya +11 more
TL;DR: This experiment demonstrates efficient shaping of the two-dimensional flow of coherent exciton polaritons by a one-dimensional "flat lens," and demonstrates the Talbot effect for hybrid light-matter waves.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Polariton Graph Simulator
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the modelling of polariton graphs using the complex Ginzburg-Landau model and derive analytical solutions for a single condensate, the XY model, two-mode model and the Kuramoto model establishing the relationships between them.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuromorphic Binarized Polariton Networks.
Rafał Mirek,Andrzej Opala,Paolo Comaron,Magdalena Furman,M. Król,Krzysztof Tyszka,Bartłomiej Seredyński,Dario Ballarini,Daniele Sanvitto,Timothy Chi Hin Liew,Wojciech Pacuski,Jan Suffczyński,Jacek Szczytko,Michał Matuszewski,Barbara Piętka +14 more
TL;DR: In this article, an optical network of nodes performing binary operations is proposed, where the nonlinearity required for efficient computation is provided by semiconductor microcavities in the strong quantum light-matter coupling regime, which exhibit excitonpolariton interactions.
Journal ArticleDOI
From strong to weak coupling regime in a single GaN microwire up to room temperature
TL;DR: In this article, a GaN microwire was used to achieve a large Rabi splitting to linewidth ratio of 125 meV in the strong coupling regime between exciton and light.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Bose-Einstein condensation
TL;DR: The Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) phenomenon was first introduced by Bose as discussed by the authors, who derived the Planck law for black-body radiation by treating the photons as a gas of identical particles.