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Brain-wide 3D imaging of neuronal activity in Caenorhabditis elegans with sculpted light

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TLDR
A two-photon technique for brain-wide calcium imaging in Caenorhabditis elegans, using wide-field temporal focusing (WF-TeFo) and a nuclear-localized, genetically encoded calcium indicator, NLS-GCaMP5K, that permits unambiguous discrimination of individual neurons within the densely packed head ganglia of C. elegans.
Abstract
Recent efforts in neuroscience research have been aimed at obtaining detailed anatomical neuronal wiring maps as well as information on how neurons in these networks engage in dynamic activities. Although the entire connectivity map of the nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans has been known for more than 25 years, this knowledge has not been sufficient to predict all functional connections underlying behavior. To approach this goal, we developed a two-photon technique for brain-wide calcium imaging in C. elegans, using wide-field temporal focusing (WF-TeFo). Pivotal to our results was the use of a nuclear-localized, genetically encoded calcium indicator, NLS-GCaMP5K, that permits unambiguous discrimination of individual neurons within the densely packed head ganglia of C. elegans. We demonstrate near-simultaneous recording of activity of up to 70% of all head neurons. In combination with a lab-on-a-chip device for stimulus delivery, this method provides an enabling platform for establishing functional maps of neuronal networks.

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From the neuron doctrine to neural networks

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Swept confocally-aligned planar excitation (SCAPE) microscopy for high speed volumetric imaging of behaving organisms.

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A guide to light-sheet fluorescence microscopy for multiscale imaging

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Global brain dynamics embed the motor command sequence of Caenorhabditis elegans.

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Electrical activity and behavior in the pharynx of caenorhabditis elegans

TL;DR: Using the electropharyngeograms, it is shown that gamma-aminobutyric acid is not likely to be the M3 neurotransmitter, that synaptic transmission is present but abnormal in mutants lacking synaptotagmin, and that worms mutant in the eat-4 gene are defective for M3 function or transmission.
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Neuropeptide feedback modifies odor-evoked dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans olfactory neurons

TL;DR: The relationship between two transmitters in the olfactory system of C. elegans is defined, showing that a neuropeptides-to-neuropeptide feedback loop alters sensory dynamics in primary o aroma neurons, and the ability of neuropeptic feedback to remodel sensory networks on multiple timescales is revealed.
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Two-photon single-cell optogenetic control of neuronal activity by sculpted light

TL;DR: The demonstrated spatiotemporal resolution and the selectivity provided by TEFO allow manipulation of neuronal activity, with a large number of applications in studies of neuronal microcircuit function in vitro and in vivo.
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Olfactory pattern classification by discrete neuronal network states

TL;DR: The olfactory bulb classifies odour-evoked input patterns into many discrete and defined output patterns, as proposed by attractor models, which is consistent with perceptual phenomena and may represent a general information processing strategy in the brain.
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Fast functional imaging of multiple brain regions in intact zebrafish larvae using Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy

TL;DR: The extended field of view offered by the SPIM method allowed us to directly identify large scale ensembles of neurons, spanning several brain regions, that displayed correlated activity and were thus likely to participate in common neural processes.
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