Cell cycle and lineage progression of neural progenitors in the ventricular-subventricular zones of adult mice.
Giovanna Ponti,Kirsten Obernier,Cristina D. Guinto,Lingu Jose,Luca Bonfanti,Arturo Alvarez-Buylla +5 more
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TLDR
The proliferation dynamics of B1, C, and A cells in vivo are determined using whole mounts of the walls of the lateral ventricles of adult mice and three cell cycle analysis methods using thymidine analogs to provide essential information on the dynamics of adult progenitor cell proliferation in the V-SVZ.Abstract:
Proliferating neural stem cells and intermediate progenitors persist in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of the adult mammalian brain. This extensive germinal layer in the walls of the lateral ventricles is the site of birth of different types of interneurons destined for the olfactory bulb. The cell cycle dynamics of stem cells (B1 cells), intermediate progenitors (C cells), and neuroblasts (A cells) in the V-SVZ and the number of times these cells divide remain unknown. Using whole mounts of the walls of the lateral ventricles of adult mice and three cell cycle analysis methods using thymidine analogs, we determined the proliferation dynamics of B1, C, and A cells in vivo. Achaete-scute complex homolog (Ascl)1+ C cells were heterogeneous with a cell cycle length (TC) of 18–25 h and a long S phase length (TS) of 14–17 h. After C cells, Doublecortin+ A cells were the second-most common dividing cell type in the V-SVZ and had a TC of 18 h and TS of 9 h. Human glial fibrillary acidic protein (hGFAP)::GFP+ B1 cells had a surprisingly short Tc of 17–18 h and a TS of 4 h. Progenitor population analysis suggests that following the initial division of B1 cells, C cells divide three times and A cells once, possibly twice. These data provide essential information on the dynamics of adult progenitor cell proliferation in the V-SVZ and how large numbers of new neurons continue to be produced in the adult mammalian brain.read more
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Prospective Identification and Purification of Quiescent Adult Neural Stem Cells from Their In Vivo Niche
Paolo Codega,Violeta Silva-Vargas,Alex Paul,Angel R. Maldonado-Soto,Annina M. DeLeo,Erika Pastrana,Fiona Doetsch +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, GFAP(+)CD133(+) (quiescent neural stem cells [qNSCs]) and GFAP (+)CD 133(+)EGFR(+) [aNSC] were isolated from the adult ventricular-subventricular zone.
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Neurogenesis in the embryonic and adult brain: same regulators, different roles
Noelia Urbán,François Guillemot +1 more
TL;DR: This review will compare and contrast the functions of transcription factors (TFs) and other regulatory molecules in the embryonic brain and in adult neurogenic regions of the adult brain in the mouse, with a special focus on the hippocampal niche and on the regulation of the balance between quiescence and activation of adult NSCs in this region.
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The Indispensable Roles of Microglia and Astrocytes during Brain Development
TL;DR: A better understanding of the origin, differentiation process and developmental functions of microglia and astrocytes will help to fully appreciate their role both in the developing as well as in the adult brain, in health and disease.
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Embryonic Origin of Postnatal Neural Stem Cells
Luis C. Fuentealba,Santiago B. Rompani,Jose I. Parraguez,Kirsten Obernier,Ricardo Romero,Constance L. Cepko,Arturo Alvarez-Buylla +6 more
TL;DR: An early embryonic regional specification of postnatal neural stem cells and the lineage relationship between them and embryonic progenitor cells is revealed.
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Neural stem cells: origin, heterogeneity and regulation in the adult mammalian brain
TL;DR: The molecular control, heterogeneity, regional specification and cell division modes of V-SVZ NSCs are discussed, and recent insights into their transcriptomic properties and mechanism of persistence into adulthood are examined.
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