Child Trauma Exposure and Psychopathology: Mechanisms of Risk and Resilience.
TLDR
A biopsychosocial model is presented outlining the mechanisms that link child trauma with psychopathology and protective factors that can mitigate these risk pathways, highlighting novel directions for interventions aimed at preventing the onset of psychopathology following child trauma.Abstract:
Exposure to trauma in childhood is associated with elevated risk for multiple forms of psychopathology Here we present a biopsychosocial model outlining the mechanisms that link child trauma with psychopathology and protective factors that can mitigate these risk pathways We focus on four mechanisms of enhanced threat processing: information processing biases that facilitate rapid identification of environmental threats, disruptions in learning mechanisms underlying the acquisition of fear, heightened emotional responses to potential threats, and difficulty disengaging from negative emotional content Supportive relationships with caregivers, heightened sensitivity to rewarding and positive stimuli, and mature amygdala-prefrontal circuitry each serve as potential buffers of these risk pathways, highlighting novel directions for interventions aimed at preventing the onset of psychopathology following child traumaread more
Citations
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Displacement, Violence, and Mental Health: Evidence from Rohingya Adolescents in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh.
TL;DR: In this article, the impacts of exposure to trauma on mental health outcomes among Rohingya adolescents living in Bangladesh were examined as outcomes, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression.
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The Impact of COVID-19 Experiences on Adolescent Internalizing Problems and Substance Use Among a Predominantly Latinx Sample
Elisa M. Trucco,Nilo Fallah-Sohy,Sarah A. Hartmann,Julie V. Cristello,Jonathan S. Comer,Matthew T. Sutherland +5 more
TL;DR: This paper examined whether COVID-19-associated fears and impacted quality of life mediated associations between pandemic-focused family conversations and media exposure and subsequent youth mental health, and found that family conversations predicted social distancing fears and increased internalizing problems.
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Early-Life Trauma and Resilience: Insights From Developmental Neuroscience for Policy.
TL;DR: Findings suggest that resilience may be characterized by both large-scale and circuit-specific neural processes that reflect a stronger ability to engage cognitive control over emotional processes.
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Co-occurrence of severe PTSD, somatic symptoms and dissociation in a large sample of childhood trauma inpatients: a network analysis.
Leonhard Kratzer,Matthias Knefel,Alexander Haselgruber,Peter Heinz,Rebecca Schennach,Thanos Karatzias,Thanos Karatzias +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore direct connections between PTSD, somatic symptoms, and dissociation to gain a deeper insight into the pathological processes underlying their comorbidity that can inform future treatment plans.
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Effect of child abuse and neglect on schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.
TL;DR: In this paper, a brief overview of child abuse and neglect, including its position within the larger field of trauma and adversity and its long term consequences, is presented, and the link to schizophrenia is explored.
References
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Longitudinal pathways linking child maltreatment, emotion regulation, peer relations, and psychopathology
Jungmeen Kim,Dante Cicchetti +1 more
TL;DR: The findings emphasize the important role of emotion regulation as a risk or a protective mechanism in the link between earlier child maltreatment and later psychopathology through its influences on peer relations.
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TL;DR: The results suggest that to the extent that children's experience with the world varies, so too will their interpretation and understanding of emotional signals, and physically abused children showed the most variance across emotions.
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Social information-processing patterns partially mediate the effect of early physical abuse on later conduct problems.
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Childhood adversity and neural development: deprivation and threat as distinct dimensions of early experience
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Early developmental emergence of human amygdala-prefrontal connectivity after maternal deprivation.
Dylan G. Gee,Laurel J. Gabard-Durnam,Jessica Flannery,Bonnie Goff,Kathryn L. Humphreys,Eva H. Telzer,Todd A. Hare,Susan Y. Bookheimer,Nim Tottenham +8 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that, as in the rodent, children who experienced early maternal deprivation exhibit early emergence of mature amygdala–prefrontal connectivity, suggesting that accelerated amygdala–mPFC development is an ontogenetic adaptation in response to early adversity.
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