Child Trauma Exposure and Psychopathology: Mechanisms of Risk and Resilience.
TLDR
A biopsychosocial model is presented outlining the mechanisms that link child trauma with psychopathology and protective factors that can mitigate these risk pathways, highlighting novel directions for interventions aimed at preventing the onset of psychopathology following child trauma.Abstract:
Exposure to trauma in childhood is associated with elevated risk for multiple forms of psychopathology Here we present a biopsychosocial model outlining the mechanisms that link child trauma with psychopathology and protective factors that can mitigate these risk pathways We focus on four mechanisms of enhanced threat processing: information processing biases that facilitate rapid identification of environmental threats, disruptions in learning mechanisms underlying the acquisition of fear, heightened emotional responses to potential threats, and difficulty disengaging from negative emotional content Supportive relationships with caregivers, heightened sensitivity to rewarding and positive stimuli, and mature amygdala-prefrontal circuitry each serve as potential buffers of these risk pathways, highlighting novel directions for interventions aimed at preventing the onset of psychopathology following child traumaread more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Childhood Adversity and Neural Development: A Systematic Review
TL;DR: Evidence for accelerated development in amygdala-mPFC circuits was limited but emerged in other metrics of neurodevelopment, and progress in charting neurodevelopmental consequences of adversity requires larger samples, longitudinal designs, and more precise assessments of adversity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms linking childhood trauma exposure and psychopathology: a transdiagnostic model of risk and resilience
TL;DR: A transdiagnostic model of the developmental mechanisms that explain the strong links between childhood trauma and psychopathology as well as protective factors that promote resilience against multiple forms of psychopathology are articulated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dimensions of childhood adversity have distinct associations with neural systems underlying executive functioning.
TL;DR: Two studies measuring EF at multiple levels provide strong preliminary evidence for a novel model of the neurodevelopmental consequences of childhood adversity, which argues that deprivation is associated with poor executive function (EF), whereas threat is not.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rethinking Concepts and Categories for Understanding the Neurodevelopmental Effects of Childhood Adversity
Karen E. Smith,Seth D. Pollak +1 more
TL;DR: Central problems in understanding the link between early-life adversity and children’s brain development are discussed and alternative formulations that hold promise for advancing knowledge about the neurobiological mechanisms through which adversity affects human development are suggested.
Journal ArticleDOI
Difficulties with emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic mechanism linking child maltreatment with the emergence of psychopathology
David G. Weissman,Debbie Bitrán,Adam Bryant Miller,Jonathan D. Schaefer,Margaret A. Sheridan,Katie A. McLaughlin +5 more
TL;DR: Emotion dysregulation following childhood maltreatment occurs at multiple stages of the emotion generation process, in some cases varies across development, and serves as a transdiagnostic mechanism linking child maltreatment with general psychopathology.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Amygdala response to negative stimuli predicts ptsd symptom onset following a terrorist attack
Katie A. McLaughlin,Daniel S. Busso,B A Andrea Duys,Jennifer Greif Green,B A Sonia Alves,B A Marcus Way,Margaret A. Sheridan +6 more
TL;DR: This work examined associations of neural function measured prior to the attack with PTSD symptom onset related to these events and identified atypical activation patterns in the medial prefrontal cortex.
Journal ArticleDOI
Child maltreatment and autonomic nervous system reactivity: identifying dysregulated stress reactivity patterns by using the biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat.
TL;DR: CM is associated with a dysregulated pattern of physiological reactivity consistent with theoretical conceptualizations of threat but not previously examined in relation to maltreatment, suggesting a more nuanced pattern of stress reactivity than predicted by current theoretical models.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of physical maltreatment on the regulation of negative affect and aggression.
TL;DR: It is suggested that physical maltreatment leads to inappropriate regulation of both negative affect and aggression, which likely place maltreated children at increased risk for the development and maintenance of externalizing behavior disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Altered amygdala connectivity in urban youth exposed to trauma
Moriah E. Thomason,Hilary A. Marusak,Maria A. Tocco,Angela M. Vila,Olivia McGarragle,David R. Rosenberg +5 more
TL;DR: Results suggest a model in which urban-dwelling trauma-exposed youth lack negative prefrontal to amygdala connectivity that may be critical for regulation of emotional responses, which might reflect the biological embedding of stress reactivity in early life and mediate enhanced vulnerability to stress-related psychopathology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Childhood trauma and illicit drug use in adolescence: a population-based national comorbidity survey replication-adolescent supplement study
Hannah Carliner,Katherine M. Keyes,Katie A. McLaughlin,Jacquelyn L. Meyers,Erin C. Dunn,Silvia S. Martins +5 more
TL;DR: The results highlight that adolescents with a trauma history are a high-risk group for illicit drug use and may benefit from trauma-focused prevention efforts that specifically address traumatic memories and coping strategies for dealing with stressful life events.
Related Papers (5)
Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
Ronald C. Kessler,Katie A. McLaughlin,Jennifer Greif Green,Michael J. Gruber,Nancy A. Sampson,Alan M. Zaslavsky,Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola,Ali Al-Hamzawi,Jordi Alonso,Matthias C. Angermeyer,Corina Benjet,Evelyn J. Bromet,Somnath Chatterji,Giovanni de Girolamo,Koen Demyttenaere,John Fayyad,Silvia Florescu,Gilad Gal,Oye Gureje,Josep Maria Haro,Chiyi Hu,Elie G. Karam,Norito Kawakami,Sing Lee,Jean-Pierre Lépine,Johan Ormel,Jose Posada-Villa,Rajesh Sagar,Adley Tsang,Bedirhan Üstün,Svetlozar Vassilev,Maria Carmen Viana,Daniel R. Williams +32 more