Child Trauma Exposure and Psychopathology: Mechanisms of Risk and Resilience.
TLDR
A biopsychosocial model is presented outlining the mechanisms that link child trauma with psychopathology and protective factors that can mitigate these risk pathways, highlighting novel directions for interventions aimed at preventing the onset of psychopathology following child trauma.Abstract:
Exposure to trauma in childhood is associated with elevated risk for multiple forms of psychopathology Here we present a biopsychosocial model outlining the mechanisms that link child trauma with psychopathology and protective factors that can mitigate these risk pathways We focus on four mechanisms of enhanced threat processing: information processing biases that facilitate rapid identification of environmental threats, disruptions in learning mechanisms underlying the acquisition of fear, heightened emotional responses to potential threats, and difficulty disengaging from negative emotional content Supportive relationships with caregivers, heightened sensitivity to rewarding and positive stimuli, and mature amygdala-prefrontal circuitry each serve as potential buffers of these risk pathways, highlighting novel directions for interventions aimed at preventing the onset of psychopathology following child traumaread more
Citations
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Atypical Prefrontal-Amygdala Circuitry Following Childhood Exposure to Abuse: Links With Adolescent Psychopathology
TL;DR: Functional magnetic resonance imaging data on 57 adolescents during an emotion regulation task revealed that vmPFC-amygdala task-related functional connectivity was more negative in adolescents exposed to physical, sexual, or emotional abuse than those without a history of maltreatment and was associated with abuse severity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trauma-informed supervision: Historical antecedents, current practice, and future directions
TL;DR: In this article, the authors trace the development of the current emphasis on trauma-informed practice and care in behavioral and mental health treatment, using the discrimination model of clinical care, and present a set of examples.
Journal ArticleDOI
The neglect–enrichment continuum: Characterizing variation in early caregiving environments
TL;DR: A novel framework for examining the nature and consequences of neglect can be represented as variations along a continuum from severe psychosocial neglect to environmental enrichment, and preliminary data indicating that emotional and cognitive input are separable is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of trauma symptoms following adversity in childhood: The moderating role of protective factors
TL;DR: Bolstering children's protective factors prior to, and during child abuse treatment, may reduce trauma-related distress following exposure to adversity.
References
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Longitudinal pathways linking child maltreatment, emotion regulation, peer relations, and psychopathology
Jungmeen Kim,Dante Cicchetti +1 more
TL;DR: The findings emphasize the important role of emotion regulation as a risk or a protective mechanism in the link between earlier child maltreatment and later psychopathology through its influences on peer relations.
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Recognizing emotion in faces: developmental effects of child abuse and neglect.
TL;DR: The results suggest that to the extent that children's experience with the world varies, so too will their interpretation and understanding of emotional signals, and physically abused children showed the most variance across emotions.
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Social information-processing patterns partially mediate the effect of early physical abuse on later conduct problems.
TL;DR: Early abuse increased the risk of teacher-rated externalizing outcomes in Grades 3 and 4 by fourfold, and this effect could not be accounted for by confounded ecological or child factors.
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Childhood adversity and neural development: deprivation and threat as distinct dimensions of early experience
TL;DR: It is argued that these previously undifferentiated dimensions of experience exert strong and distinct influences on neural development that cannot be fully explained by prevailing models focusing only on stress pathways.
Journal ArticleDOI
Early developmental emergence of human amygdala-prefrontal connectivity after maternal deprivation.
Dylan G. Gee,Laurel J. Gabard-Durnam,Jessica Flannery,Bonnie Goff,Kathryn L. Humphreys,Eva H. Telzer,Todd A. Hare,Susan Y. Bookheimer,Nim Tottenham +8 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that, as in the rodent, children who experienced early maternal deprivation exhibit early emergence of mature amygdala–prefrontal connectivity, suggesting that accelerated amygdala–mPFC development is an ontogenetic adaptation in response to early adversity.
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