Child Trauma Exposure and Psychopathology: Mechanisms of Risk and Resilience.
TLDR
A biopsychosocial model is presented outlining the mechanisms that link child trauma with psychopathology and protective factors that can mitigate these risk pathways, highlighting novel directions for interventions aimed at preventing the onset of psychopathology following child trauma.Abstract:
Exposure to trauma in childhood is associated with elevated risk for multiple forms of psychopathology Here we present a biopsychosocial model outlining the mechanisms that link child trauma with psychopathology and protective factors that can mitigate these risk pathways We focus on four mechanisms of enhanced threat processing: information processing biases that facilitate rapid identification of environmental threats, disruptions in learning mechanisms underlying the acquisition of fear, heightened emotional responses to potential threats, and difficulty disengaging from negative emotional content Supportive relationships with caregivers, heightened sensitivity to rewarding and positive stimuli, and mature amygdala-prefrontal circuitry each serve as potential buffers of these risk pathways, highlighting novel directions for interventions aimed at preventing the onset of psychopathology following child traumaread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Gray matter differences in adults and children with posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 113 studies and 11 meta-analyses.
TL;DR: In this article , a comprehensive overview of gray matter alterations of adult and underage patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in comparison to healthy trauma-exposed (TC) and nonexposed individuals was provided.
Posted ContentDOI
Childhood trauma moderates schizotypy-related brain morphology: Analyses of 1,182 healthy individuals from the ENIGMA Schizotypy working group
Yann Quidé,Oliver J. Watkeys,Emiliana Tonini,Dominik Grotegerd,Udo Dannlowski,Ilja Nenadic,Tilo Kircher,A. Krug,Tim Hahn,Susanne Meinert,Janik Goltermann,Marius Gruber,Frederike Stein,Katharina Brosch,Adrian Wroblewski,Florian Thomas-Odenthal,P. Usemann,Benjamin Straube,Nina Alexander,Elisabeth J. Leehr,Julia Bauer,Nils R. Winter,L. Fisch,Katharina Dohm,W. RoÌssler,Lukasz Smigielski,Pamela DeRosse,Ashley Moyett,Josselin Houenou,Marion Leboyer,James Gilleen,Sophia I. Thomopoulos,Paul M. Thompson,André Aleman,Gemma Modinos,Melissa J. Green +35 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors used a 3D T1-weighted brain MRI scan from a total of 1,182 healthy adults (age range: 18-65 years old, 647 females/535 males), pooled from nine sites worldwide, contributing to the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Schizotypy working group.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exposure to traumatic events and use of over-the-counter analgesics in adolescents: cross-sectional findings from the Young-HUNT study
M. Baumann-Larsen,Grete Dyb,Tore Wentzel-Larsen,John-Anker Zwart,Kjersti Storheim,Synne Øien Stensland +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors assessed the association between trauma exposure and use of over-the-counter analgesics (OTCA) for headaches and musculoskeletal pain, of which associations for bullying (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.50 to 2.12, and OR 2.18 to 1.90) were particularly strong.
References
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that, as in the rodent, children who experienced early maternal deprivation exhibit early emergence of mature amygdala–prefrontal connectivity, suggesting that accelerated amygdala–mPFC development is an ontogenetic adaptation in response to early adversity.
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