Child Trauma Exposure and Psychopathology: Mechanisms of Risk and Resilience.
TLDR
A biopsychosocial model is presented outlining the mechanisms that link child trauma with psychopathology and protective factors that can mitigate these risk pathways, highlighting novel directions for interventions aimed at preventing the onset of psychopathology following child trauma.Abstract:
Exposure to trauma in childhood is associated with elevated risk for multiple forms of psychopathology Here we present a biopsychosocial model outlining the mechanisms that link child trauma with psychopathology and protective factors that can mitigate these risk pathways We focus on four mechanisms of enhanced threat processing: information processing biases that facilitate rapid identification of environmental threats, disruptions in learning mechanisms underlying the acquisition of fear, heightened emotional responses to potential threats, and difficulty disengaging from negative emotional content Supportive relationships with caregivers, heightened sensitivity to rewarding and positive stimuli, and mature amygdala-prefrontal circuitry each serve as potential buffers of these risk pathways, highlighting novel directions for interventions aimed at preventing the onset of psychopathology following child traumaread more
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Preserved cortical thickness, surface area and volume in adolescents with PTSD after childhood sexual abuse.
Mirjam A. W. Rinne-Albers,Charlotte P Boateng,Steven J.A. van der Werff,Steven J.A. van der Werff,Francien Lamers-Winkelman,Serge A.R.B. Rombouts,Serge A.R.B. Rombouts,Robert Vermeiren,Robert Vermeiren,Nic J.A. van der Wee,Nic J.A. van der Wee +10 more
TL;DR: No significant effect of group was found for cortical thickness, surface area or volume in any of the ROIs in this group of adolescents with PTSD related to childhood sexual abuse, suggesting that this may be specific to this group, independent of age.
Journal ArticleDOI
A dimensional risk approach to assessing early adversity in a national sample
Sharon Wolf,Noelle M. Suntheimer +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine how incidence and accumulation of two domains of risk factors (deprivation and threat of harm) predict early childhood development, testing a framework put forth by McLaughlin and Sheridan (2016).
References
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Longitudinal pathways linking child maltreatment, emotion regulation, peer relations, and psychopathology
Jungmeen Kim,Dante Cicchetti +1 more
TL;DR: The findings emphasize the important role of emotion regulation as a risk or a protective mechanism in the link between earlier child maltreatment and later psychopathology through its influences on peer relations.
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TL;DR: The results suggest that to the extent that children's experience with the world varies, so too will their interpretation and understanding of emotional signals, and physically abused children showed the most variance across emotions.
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Social information-processing patterns partially mediate the effect of early physical abuse on later conduct problems.
TL;DR: Early abuse increased the risk of teacher-rated externalizing outcomes in Grades 3 and 4 by fourfold, and this effect could not be accounted for by confounded ecological or child factors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Childhood adversity and neural development: deprivation and threat as distinct dimensions of early experience
TL;DR: It is argued that these previously undifferentiated dimensions of experience exert strong and distinct influences on neural development that cannot be fully explained by prevailing models focusing only on stress pathways.
Journal ArticleDOI
Early developmental emergence of human amygdala-prefrontal connectivity after maternal deprivation.
Dylan G. Gee,Laurel J. Gabard-Durnam,Jessica Flannery,Bonnie Goff,Kathryn L. Humphreys,Eva H. Telzer,Todd A. Hare,Susan Y. Bookheimer,Nim Tottenham +8 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that, as in the rodent, children who experienced early maternal deprivation exhibit early emergence of mature amygdala–prefrontal connectivity, suggesting that accelerated amygdala–mPFC development is an ontogenetic adaptation in response to early adversity.
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