Journal ArticleDOI
Community variability in aphid parasitoids versus predators in response to agricultural intensification
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TLDR
The results illustrate that environmental homogenisation due to AI does not necessarily induce spatio‐temporal homogenisations of communities, but rather can have contrasting effects on more specialised, low‐dispersive parasitoids versus more generalised, high‐ Dispersive predators, thereby demonstrating great differences in the predictability of responses to AI among aphid natural enemies.Abstract:
Agricultural intensification (AI) is a great threat to biodiversity and its negative effects on species richness of different communities have been repeatedly shown. The effects of AI on community composition and variability, however, are important for assessing the predictability of community responses, but have rarely been studied simultaneously and across different taxonomic groups.
In this study, we focused on parasitoids (primary and secondary) and predators (hoverflies and carabid beetles) of aphids in winter wheat fields with contrasting AI regimes (low AI, i.e. organic fields in structurally complex landscapes vs. high AI, i.e. conventional fields in structurally simple landscapes).
We found divergence in species composition of more specialised, low-dispersing primary and secondary parasitoids within high AI fields, probably due to the disruption of the exchanges of species between local populations in structurally simple landscapes. In contrast, species composition of less specialised, highly dispersing carabid beetles and hoverflies converged in fields with high AI, where they were characterised by the dominance of a single, vagile species adapted to high land-use conditions. Furthermore, temporal community shifts were only pronounced in primary parasitoids and hoverflies, with higher temporal changes in fields with high AI in primary parasitoids.
Collectively, our results illustrate that environmental homogenisation due to AI does not necessarily induce spatio-temporal homogenisation of communities, but rather can have contrasting effects on more specialised, low-dispersive parasitoids versus more generalised, high-dispersive predators, thereby demonstrating great differences in the predictability of responses to AI among aphid natural enemies.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Biodiversity and species competition regulate the resilience of microbial biofilm community.
Kai Feng,Zhaojing Zhang,Zhaojing Zhang,Weiwei Cai,Weiwei Cai,Wenzong Liu,Meiying Xu,Huaqun Yin,Aijie Wang,Zhili He,Zhili He,Ye Deng +11 more
TL;DR: This study investigated the resilience of biofilm communities with a gradient of diversity, and explored the relationship between biodiversity and stability in response to a pH shock, showing that all bioreactors could recover to stable performance after pH disturbance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Combined effects of agrochemicals and ecosystem services on crop yield across Europe
Vesna Gagic,Vesna Gagic,David Kleijn,András Báldi,Gergely Boros,Helene Bracht Jørgensen,Zoltán Elek,Michael P.D. Garratt,G. Arjen de Groot,Katarina Hedlund,Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki,Lorenzo Marini,Emily A. Martin,Ines Pevere,Simon G. Potts,Sarah Redlich,Deepa Senapathi,Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter,Stanisław Świtek,Henrik G. Smith,Viktoria Takacs,Piotr Tryjanowski,Wim H. van der Putten,Stijn van Gils,Riccardo Bommarco +24 more
TL;DR: In a field experiment replicated in 114 fields across Europe, it is found that fertilisation had the strongest positive effect on yield, but hindered simultaneous harnessing of below- and above-ground ecosystem services.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sharing enemies: evidence of forest contribution to natural enemy communities in crops, at different spatial scales
TL;DR: Gonzalez, Ezequiel as discussed by the authors, et al. as discussed by the authors presented a study of the relationship between plant growth and plant growth in the context of the International Institute of Biologia Vegetal (IIBV).
Journal ArticleDOI
Landscape composition affects parasitoid spillover
TL;DR: It is found that landscape composition did not affect local tachinid species richness in apple orchards, while it affected the species spillover, which has important implications for the conservation of insect parasitoids in agricultural landscapes.
Journal ArticleDOI
The ecology of predatory hoverflies as ecosystem-service providers in agricultural systems
TL;DR: This review highlights the potential, as well as limitations and current gaps in knowledge, for enhancing the efficacy of hoverflies as ecosystem-service providers in agricultural systems.
References
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