Journal ArticleDOI
Creatine and Creatinine Metabolism
Markus Wyss,Rima Kaddurah-Daouk +1 more
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TLDR
A comprehensive survey of the many intriguing facets of creatine (Cr) and creatinine metabolism is presented, encompassing the pathways and regulation of Cr biosynthesis and degradation, species and tissue distribution of the enzymes and metabolites involved, and of the inherent implications for physiology and human pathology.Abstract:
The goal of this review is to present a comprehensive survey of the many intriguing facets of creatine (Cr) and creatinine metabolism, encompassing the pathways and regulation of Cr biosynthesis an...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Hypoxic control of metastasis.
Erinn B. Rankin,Amato J. Giaccia +1 more
TL;DR: Research focused on elucidating the mechanisms by which the hypoxic tumor microenvironment promotes metastatic progression is reviewed to identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets regulated by hypoxia that could be incorporated into strategies aimed at preventing and treating metastatic disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
l-arginine availability regulates T-lymphocyte cell-cycle progression
TL;DR: Experiments demonstrated that T cells from GCN2 knock-out mice did not show a decreased proliferation and were able to up-regulate cyclin D3 when cultured in the absence of L-Arg, contributing to the understanding of a central mechanism by which cancer and other diseases characterized by high arginase I production may cause T-cell dysfunction.
Journal ArticleDOI
TREM2 Maintains Microglial Metabolic Fitness in Alzheimer's Disease.
Tyler K. Ulland,Wilbur M. Song,Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang,Jason D. Ulrich,Alexey Sergushichev,Wandy L. Beatty,Alexander A. Loboda,Yingyue Zhou,Nigel J. Cairns,Amal Kambal,Ekaterina Loginicheva,Susan Gilfillan,Marina Cella,Herbert W. Virgin,Emil R. Unanue,Yaming Wang,Maxim N. Artyomov,David M. Holtzman,Marco Colonna +18 more
TL;DR: Dietary cyclocreatine tempered autophagy, restored microglial clustering around plaques, and decreased plaque-adjacent neuronal dystrophy in TREM2-deficient mice with amyloid-β pathology, finding that TREM1 enables microglia responses during AD by sustaining cellular energetic and biosynthetic metabolism.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mitochondrial creatine kinase in human health and disease
TL;DR: Under situations of compromised cellular energy state, two characteristics of mitochondrial creatine kinase are particularly relevant: its exquisite susceptibility to oxidative modifications and the compensatory up-regulation of its gene expression, in some cases leading to accumulation of crystalline MtCK inclusion bodies in mitochondria that are the clinical hallmarks for mitochondrial cytopathies.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Creatine-Driven Substrate Cycle Enhances Energy Expenditure and Thermogenesis in Beige Fat
Lawrence Kazak,Edward T. Chouchani,Mark P. Jedrychowski,Brian K. Erickson,Kosaku Shinoda,Paul Cohen,Ramalingam Vetrivelan,Gina Z. Lu,Dina Laznik-Bogoslavski,Sebastian C. Hasenfuss,Shingo Kajimura,Steve P. Gygi,Bruce M. Spiegelman +12 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that creatine enhances respiration in beige-fat mitochondria when ADP is limiting and decreases whole-body energy expenditure after administration of a β3-agonist and reduces beige and brown adipose metabolic rate.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Intracellular compartmentation, structure and function of creatine kinase isoenzymes in tissues with high and fluctuating energy demands: the 'phosphocreatine circuit' for cellular energy homeostasis.
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Serum creatinine as an index of renal function: new insights into old concepts.
TL;DR: The fundamental principles of physiology, metabolism, and analytical chemistry that are necessary to correctly interpret the serum creatinine concentration are reviewed and applied to important clinical circumstances, including aging, pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, drug administration, and acute and chronic renal failure.
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Excess brain protein oxidation and enzyme dysfunction in normal aging and in Alzheimer disease.
Charles D. Smith,John M. Carney,Pamela Starke-Reed,Cynthia N. Oliver,Earl R. Stadtman,Robert A. Floyd,William R. Markesbery +6 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that protein oxidation products accumulate in the brain and that oxidation-vulnerable enzyme activities decrease with aging in the same regional pattern (frontal more affected than occipital) and that AD may represent a specific brain vulnerability to age-related oxidation.
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A model for beta-amyloid aggregation and neurotoxicity based on free radical generation by the peptide: relevance to Alzheimer disease.
K. Hensley,John M. Carney,Mark P. Mattson,Marina V. Aksenova,Marni E. Harris,Ji Wu,R A Floyd,Butterfield Da +7 more
TL;DR: Evidence is presented that beta-amyloid fragments, at concentrations that previously have been shown to be neurotoxic to cultured neurons, can inactivate oxidation-sensitive glutamine synthetase and creatine kinase enzymes and generate free radical peptides.
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Elevation of creatine in resting and exercised muscle of normal subjects by creatine supplementation
TL;DR: Competition with 5g of creatine monohydrate, four or six times a day for 2 or more days resulted in a significant increase in the total creatine content of the quadriceps femoris muscle measured in 17 subjects, and in some the increase was as much as 50%.