Journal ArticleDOI
Detection of circulating tumour DNA in the blood (plasma/serum) of cancer patients.
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TLDR
The results obtained in many different cancers have opened a new research area indicating that plasma DNA might eventually be a suitable target for the development of non-invasive diagnostic, prognostic and follow-up tests for cancer.Abstract:
Small amounts of free DNA circulate in both healthy and diseased human plasma/serum, and increased concentrations of DNA are present in the plasma of cancer patients. Characteristics of tumour DNA have been found in genetic material extracted from the plasma of cancer patients. These features include decreased strand stability and the presence of specific oncogene, tumour suppressor gene and microsatellite alterations. Point mutations of the ras genes have been detected in the plasma DNA of patients suffering from haematopoetic malignancies, colorectal and pancreatic cancer, sometimes prior to clinical diagnosis. Rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain DNA has been found in the plasma of patients with non-Hodgkins lymphoma and acute B cell leukaemia. Microsatellite instability, expressed either as a new allele or a loss of one allele (LOH) occurs in the plasma and serum DNA of patients suffering from head and neck, lung and renal cell cancer. The results obtained in many different cancers have opened a new research area indicating that plasma DNA might eventually be a suitable target for the development of non-invasive diagnostic, prognostic and follow-up tests for cancer.read more
Citations
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Journal Article
DNA Fragments in the Blood Plasma of Cancer Patients: Quantitations and Evidence for Their Origin from Apoptotic and Necrotic Cells
Sabine Jahr,Hannes Hentze,Sabine Englisch,Dieter Hardt,Frank O. Fackelmayer,Rolf-Dieter Hesch,Rolf Knippers +6 more
TL;DR: By quantitative methylation-specific PCR of the promoter region of the CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene, the fraction of plasma DNA derived from tumor cells is quantified and is consistent with the possibility that apoptotic and necrotic cells are a major source for plasma DNA in cancer patients.
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Cancer biomarker detection: recent achievements and challenges
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TL;DR: An overview of recent advances in cancer biomarker detection is provided and several representative examples using different approaches for each biomarker demonstrate that the multidisciplinary technology-based cancer diagnostics are becoming an increasingly relevant alternative to traditional techniques.
Journal ArticleDOI
About the possible origin and mechanism of circulating DNA apoptosis and active DNA release.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that extracellular DNA in different culture conditions favors apoptosis or spontaneous active DNA release in non-dividing cells, such as lymphocytes, frog auricles and cultured cell lines including HL-60, spontaneously release a nucleoprotein complex within a homeostatic system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cancer epidemiology in the last century and the next decade
TL;DR: The remarkable advances in cell and molecular biology over the past two decades have transformed the scope and methods of cancer epidemiology, and modern epidemiological studies often depend on genetic, biochemical or viral assays that had not been developed 20 years ago.
Journal ArticleDOI
Salivary Transcriptome Diagnostics for Oral Cancer Detection
Yang Li,Maie A. St. John,Xiaofeng Zhou,Yong Kim,Uttam K. Sinha,Richard C.K. Jordan,David W. Eisele,Elliot Abemayor,David Elashoff,No-Hee Park,David T.W. Wong +10 more
TL;DR: The utility of salivary transcriptome diagnostics is successfully demonstrated in this study for oral cancer detection and could be exploited to a robust, high-throughput, and reproducible tool for early cancer detection.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Presence of fetal DNA in maternal plasma and serum
Y.M. Dennis Lo,Noemi Corbetta,Paul Chamberlain,Vik Rai,Ian L. Sargent,Christopher W.G. Redman,James S. Wainscoat +6 more
TL;DR: The finding of circulating fetal DNA in maternal plasma may have implications for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis, and for improving the understanding of the fetomaternal relationship.
Journal ArticleDOI
Most human carcinomas of the exocrine pancreas contain mutant c-K-ras genes.
Concepcion Almoguera,Darryl Shibata,Kathleen Forrester,John Martin,Norman Arnheim,Manuel Perucho +5 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that c-K-ras somatic mutational activation is a critical event in the oncogenesis of most, if not all, human cancers of the exocrine pancreas.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prevalence of ras gene mutations in human colorectal cancers
Johannes L. Bos,Matty Verlaan de Vries,Alex J. van der Eb,Eric R. Fearon,Bert Vogelstein,Stanley R. Hamilton,Jacques H. van Boom +6 more
TL;DR: A combination of DNA hybridization analyses and tissue sectioning techniques demonstrate that ras gene mutations occur in over a third of human colorectal cancers, that most of the mutations are at codon 12 of the c-Ki-ras gene and that the mutations usually precede the development of malignancy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quantitative Analysis of Fetal DNA in Maternal Plasma and Serum: Implications for Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis
Y.M. Dennis Lo,Mark S.C. Tein,Tze K. Lau,Christopher J. Haines,Tse N. Leung,Priscilla M.K. Poon,James S. Wainscoat,Philip J. Johnson,Allan M. Z. Chang,N. Magnus Hjelm +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a real-time quantitative PCR assay was developed to measure the concentration of fetal DNA in maternal plasma and serum, and the results showed that fetal DNA is present in high concentrations in maternal placenta, reaching a mean of 25.4 genome equivalents/ml (range 3.3-69.4) in early pregnancy and 292.2 genome equivalents /ml(range 76.9-769) in late pregnancy.
Journal Article
Free DNA in the Serum of Cancer Patients and the Effect of Therapy
TL;DR: The relatively high percentage of cancer patients with apparently normal DNA levels would suggest that this radioimmunoassay may have low diagnostic value, but DNA in the serum may be an important tool for the evaluation of therapy or the comparison of different regimens.