Direct solar-to-hydrogen conversion via inverted metamorphic multi-junction semiconductor architectures
James L. Young,Myles A. Steiner,Henning Döscher,Henning Döscher,John A. Turner,Todd G. Deutsch +5 more
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In this article, the authors demonstrate highly efficient, immersed water-splitting electrodes enabled by inverted metamorphic epitaxy and a transparent graded buffer that allows the bandgap of each junction to be independently varied.Abstract:
Solar water splitting via multi-junction semiconductor photoelectrochemical cells provides direct conversion of solar energy to stored chemical energy as hydrogen bonds. Economical hydrogen production demands high conversion efficiency to reduce balance-of-systems costs. For sufficient photovoltage, water-splitting efficiency is proportional to the device photocurrent, which can be tuned by judicious selection and integration of optimal semiconductor bandgaps. Here, we demonstrate highly efficient, immersed water-splitting electrodes enabled by inverted metamorphic epitaxy and a transparent graded buffer that allows the bandgap of each junction to be independently varied. Voltage losses at the electrolyte interface are reduced by 0.55 V over traditional, uniformly p-doped photocathodes by using a buried p–n junction. Advanced on-sun benchmarking, spectrally corrected and validated with incident photon-to-current efficiency, yields over 16% solar-to-hydrogen efficiency with GaInP/GaInAs tandem absorbers, representing a 60% improvement over the classical, high-efficiency tandem III–V device. Solar water-splitting efficiency can be enhanced by careful bandgap selection in multi-junction semiconductor structures. Young et al. demonstrate a route that allows independent bandgap tuning of each junction in an immersed water-splitting device, enabling a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of over 16%.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Toward practical solar hydrogen production - an artificial photosynthetic leaf-to-farm challenge.
TL;DR: A critical assessment of the key components needed to scale up PEC water splitting systems such as materials efficiency, cost, elemental abundancy, stability, fuel separation, device operability, cell architecture, and techno-economic aspects of the systems are placed on.
Journal ArticleDOI
Six-junction III–V solar cells with 47.1% conversion efficiency under 143 Suns concentration
J. F. Geisz,Kevin L. Schulte,Myles A. Steiner,Andrew G. Norman,Harvey Guthrey,Matthew Young,Tao Song,Thomas Moriarty +7 more
TL;DR: Geisz et al. as discussed by the authors presented a series-connected, six-junction inverted metamorphic structure with a 1-Sun global efficiency of 39.2% when tuned to the global spectrum.
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Technologies and policies to decarbonize global industry: Review and assessment of mitigation drivers through 2070
Jeffrey Rissman,Chris Bataille,Eric Masanet,Nate Aden,William R. Morrow,Nan Zhou,Neal Elliott,Rebecca Dell,Niko Heeren,Brigitta Dr. Huckestein,Joe Cresko,Sabbie A. Miller,Joyashree Roy,Paul S. Fennell,Betty Cremmins,Thomas Koch Blank,David Hone,Ellen D. Williams,Stephane de la Rue du Can,Bill Sisson,Mike Williams,John Katzenberger,Dallas Burtraw,Girish Sethi,He Ping,David Danielson,Hongyou Lu,Tom Lorber,Jens Dinkel,Jonas Helseth +29 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present technical and policy interventions, both on the supply side and on the demand side, that can achieve net zero industrial emissions in the required timeframe, and identify measures that, employed together, can achieve the goal.
Journal ArticleDOI
Monolithic Photoelectrochemical Device for Direct Water Splitting with 19% Efficiency
Wen-Hui Cheng,Matthias H. Richter,Matthias M. May,Matthias M. May,Matthias M. May,Jens Ohlmann,David Lackner,Frank Dimroth,Thomas Hannappel,Harry A. Atwater,Hans-Joachim Lewerenz +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, a monolithic photocathode device architecture was proposed for unassisted solar water splitting, a pathway to storable renewable energy in the form of chemical bonds, requires optimization of a photoelectrochemical device based on photovoltaic tandem heterojunctions.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review and comparative evaluation of thermochemical water splitting cycles for hydrogen production
Farid Safari,Ibrahim Dincer +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a comparative evaluation of the selected thermochemical cycles is extensively performed based on the cycle's energy and exergy efficiencies, hydrogen production cost and global warming potential (GWP), a comparative study shows that vanadium-chlorine offers the highest exergy efficiency of 77% while in terms of GWP, Sulfur-Iodine and hybrid sulfur cycles become the most promising with GWP of 0.48 and 0.50
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