Ecology, Diversity, and Evolution of Magnetotactic Bacteria
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TLDR
The purpose of this review is focused on the diversity and the ecology of the MTB and also the evolution and transfer of the molecular determinants involved in magnetosome formation.Abstract:
SUMMARY Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are widespread, motile, diverse prokaryotes that biomineralize a unique organelle called the magnetosome. Magnetosomes consist of a nano-sized crystal of a magnetic iron mineral that is enveloped by a lipid bilayer membrane. In cells of almost all MTB, magnetosomes are organized as a well-ordered chain. The magnetosome chain causes the cell to behave like a motile, miniature compass needle where the cell aligns and swims parallel to magnetic field lines. MTB are found in almost all types of aquatic environments, where they can account for an important part of the bacterial biomass. The genes responsible for magnetosome biomineralization are organized as clusters in the genomes of MTB, in some as a magnetosome genomic island. The functions of a number of magnetosome genes and their associated proteins in magnetosome synthesis and construction of the magnetosome chain have now been elucidated. The origin of magnetotaxis appears to be monophyletic; that is, it developed in a common ancestor to all MTB, although horizontal gene transfer of magnetosome genes also appears to play a role in their distribution. The purpose of this review, based on recent progress in this field, is focused on the diversity and the ecology of the MTB and also the evolution and transfer of the molecular determinants involved in magnetosome formation.read more
Citations
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Posted ContentDOI
Looking for a needle in a haystack: magnetotactic bacteria help in “rare biosphere” investigations
Maria Uzun,Veronika V. Koziaeva,Marina V. Dziuba,Lolita M. Alekseeva,Maria S. Krutkina,M. V. Sukhacheva,R. V. Baslerov,Denis S. Grouzdev +7 more
TL;DR: This work investigated the microbial diversity of a black bog soil and its magnetically enriched fraction and proposed two new magnetotactic species, belonging to different classes of the relatively little-studied phylum Elusimicrobiota.
Journal ArticleDOI
Magnetotactic bacteria: concepts, conundrums, and insights from a novel in situ approach using digital holographic microscopy (DHM)
TL;DR: New insights acquired using holographic technology to observe and quantify microbial responses in magnetic fields that are earth-strength or weaker, providing a new ecophysiological approach to in situ MTB research are reported.
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A brief summary of the biophysical aspects of magnetotactic bacteria and their relationship to astrobiology through terraforming
TL;DR: Magnetotactic bacteria are gram negative, capable of responding to magnetic fields and have interesting characteristics related to their biophysical and metabolic versatility as mentioned in this paper, and they may participate together in the terraforming process with other photosynthetic extremophilic microorganisms.
Book ChapterDOI
Molecular Mechanisms for Electromagnetic Field Biosensing
Xin Zhang,Kevin J. Yarema,An Xu +2 more
TL;DR: This chapter summarizes what has been learned about electromagnetic biosensing in a diverse set of organisms across several phyla and discusses how the underlying mechanisms apply (and in some cases, don’t apply) to humans.
Journal ArticleDOI
Swimming behavior of the multicellular magnetotactic prokaryote 'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis' near solid boundaries and natural magnetic grains.
Carolina N. Keim,Daniel M. Silva,Roger Duarte de Melo,Daniel Acosta-Avalos,Marcos Farina,Henrique Lins de Barros +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the swimming trajectories of C. M. multicellularis close to solid boundaries using video microscopy and found that most trajectory projections were roughly sinusoidal, and net movements were approximately perpendicular to applied magnetic fields.
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