Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockers on cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme 2.
Carlos M. Ferrario,Jewell A. Jessup,Mark C. Chappell,David B. Averill,K. Bridget Brosnihan,E. Ann Tallant,Debra I. Diz,Patricia E. Gallagher +7 more
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TLDR
Although the predominant effect of ACE inhibition may result from the combined effect of reduced Ang II formation and Ang-(1–7) metabolism, the antihypertensive action of AT1 antagonists may in part be due to increased Ang II metabolism by ACE2.Abstract:
Background— Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has emerged as a novel regulator of cardiac function and arterial pressure by converting angiotensin II (Ang II) into the vasodilator and antitrop...read more
Citations
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Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area.
Safiya Richardson,Safiya Richardson,Jamie S. Hirsch,Jamie S. Hirsch,Mangala Narasimhan,James M. Crawford,Thomas McGinn,Thomas McGinn,Karina W. Davidson,Karina W. Davidson,Douglas P. Barnaby,Douglas P. Barnaby,Lance B Becker,John Chelico,John Chelico,Stuart L. Cohen,Stuart L. Cohen,Jennifer Cookingham,Kevin Coppa,Michael A Diefenbach,Andrew J. Dominello,Joan Duer-Hefele,Louise Falzon,Jordan Gitlin,Negin Hajizadeh,Negin Hajizadeh,Tiffany G. Harvin,David Hirschwerk,Eun Ji Kim,Eun Ji Kim,Zachary Kozel,Lyndonna Marrast,Lyndonna Marrast,Jazmin N. Mogavero,Gabrielle A. Osorio,Michael Qiu,Theodoros P. Zanos +36 more
TL;DR: This case series provides characteristics and early outcomes of sequentially hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 in the New York City area and assesses outcomes during hospitalization, such as invasive mechanical ventilation, kidney replacement therapy, and death.
Journal ArticleDOI
Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19.
Zsuzsanna Varga,Andreas J. Flammer,Peter Steiger,Martina Haberecker,Rea Andermatt,Annelies S. Zinkernagel,Mandeep R. Mehra,Reto A. Schuepbach,Frank Ruschitzka,Holger Moch +9 more
TL;DR: The vascular endothelium is an active paracrine, endocrine, and Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19 and recruitment of immune cells can result in widespread endothelial dysfunction associated with apoptosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
COVID-19 and its implications for thrombosis and anticoagulation.
Jean M. Connors,Jerrold H. Levy +1 more
TL;DR: COVID-19–associated coagulopathy should be managed as it would be for any critically ill patient, following the established practice of using thromboembolic prophylaxis for critically ill hospitalized patients, and standard supportive care measures for those with sepsis-induced coagULopathy or DIC.
Journal ArticleDOI
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Patients with Covid-19.
Muthiah Vaduganathan,Orly Vardeny,Thomas Michel,John J.V. McMurray,Marc A. Pfeffer,Scott D. Solomon +5 more
TL;DR: RAAS Inhibitors in Patients with Covid-19 show low levels of renin–angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 levels and activity in humans, but the effects are still uncertain.
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Cardiovascular Considerations for Patients, Health Care Workers, and Health Systems During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Elissa Driggin,Mahesh V. Madhavan,Behnood Bikdeli,Taylor Chuich,Justin Laracy,Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai,Tyler S. Brown,Caroline Der Nigoghossian,David A. Zidar,Jennifer Haythe,Daniel Brodie,Joshua A. Beckman,Ajay J. Kirtane,Gregg W. Stone,Harlan M. Krumholz,Sahil A. Parikh +15 more
TL;DR: The peer-reviewed and preprint literature pertaining to cardiovascular considerations related to COVID-19 are reviewed to highlight gaps in knowledge that require further study pertinent to patients, health care workers, and health systems.
References
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A Novel Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme–Related Carboxypeptidase (ACE2) Converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin 1-9
Mary Donoghue,Frank Y. Hsieh,Elizabeth Baronas,Kevin Godbout,Michael Gosselin,Nancy E. Stagliano,Michael J. Donovan,Betty Woolf,Keith E. Robison,Raju Jeyaseelan,Roger E. Breitbart,Susan L. Acton +11 more
TL;DR: The organ- and cell-specific expression of ACE2 and its unique cleavage of key vasoactive peptides suggest an essential role for ACE2 in the local renin-angiotensin system of the heart and kidney.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Human Homolog of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme CLONING AND FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION AS A CAPTOPRIL-INSENSITIVE CARBOXYPEPTIDASE
Sarah R. Tipnis,Nigel M. Hooper,Ralph J. Hyde,Eric H. Karran,Gary Christie,Anthony J. Turner +5 more
TL;DR: A novel human zinc metalloprotease that has considerable homology to human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (40% identity and 61% similarity) has been identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
Angiotensin-(1-7) is an endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor Mas.
Robson A.S. Santos,Ana Cristina Simões e Silva,Christine Maric,Denise M. R. Silva,Raquel Pillar Machado,Insa de Buhr,Silvia Heringer-Walther,Sérgio Veloso Brant Pinheiro,Myriam Teresa Lopes,Michael Bader,Elizabeth Pereira Mendes,Virgina Soares Lemos,Maria José Campagnole-Santos,Heinz-Peter Schultheiss,Robert C. Speth,Thomas Walther +15 more
TL;DR: Findings identify Mas as a functional receptor for Ang-(1–7) and provide a clear molecular basis for the physiological actions of this biologically active peptide.
Journal ArticleDOI
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is an essential regulator of heart function
Michael A. Crackower,Renu Sarao,Renu Sarao,Gavin Y. Oudit,Gavin Y. Oudit,Chana Yagil,Ivona Kozieradzki,Ivona Kozieradzki,Sam E. Scanga,Antonio J. Oliveira-dos-Santos,Joan da Costa,Liyong Zhang,York Pei,James W. Scholey,Carlos M. Ferrario,Armen S. Manoukian,Mark C. Chappell,Peter H. Backx,Peter H. Backx,Yoram Yagil,Josef M. Penninger +20 more
TL;DR: These genetic data for ACE2 show that it is an essential regulator of heart function in vivo and targeted disruption of ACE2 in mice results in a severe cardiac contractility defect, increased angiotensin II levels, and upregulation of hypoxia-induced genes in the heart.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrolysis of biological peptides by human angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase.
Chad S Vickers,Paul Hales,Virendar K. Kaushik,Larry Dick,James M. Gavin,Jin Tang,Kevin Godbout,Thomas F. Parsons,Elizabeth Baronas,Frank Y. Hsieh,Susan L. Acton,Michael A. Patane,Andrew J. Nichols,Peter J. Tummino +13 more
TL;DR: The physiological role of ACE2 is elucidated, and its catalytic activity was characterized, and a consensus sequence of: Pro-X (1–3 residues)-Pro-Hydrophobic, where hydrolysis occurs between proline and the hydrophobic amino acid is revealed.
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