Effects of aerobic exercise on mild cognitive impairment: a controlled trial.
Laura D. Baker,Laura L. Frank,Karen E. Foster-Schubert,Pattie S. Green,Charles W. Wilkinson,Anne McTiernan,Stephen R. Plymate,Mark A. Fishel,G. Stennis Watson,Brenna Cholerton,Glen E. Duncan,Pankaj D. Mehta,Suzanne Craft +12 more
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TLDR
Six months of high-intensity aerobic exercise had sex-specific effects on cognition, glucose metabolism, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and trophic activity despite comparable gains in cardiorespiratory fitness and body fat reduction.Abstract:
Objectives To examine the effects of aerobic exercise on cognition and other biomarkers associated with Alzheimer disease pathology for older adults with mild cognitive impairment, and assess the role of sex as a predictor of response. Design Six-month, randomized, controlled, clinical trial. Setting Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System clinical research unit. Participants Thirty-three adults (17 women) with amnestic mild cognitive impairment ranging in age from 55 to 85 years (mean age, 70 years). Intervention Participants were randomized either to a high-intensity aerobic exercise or stretching control group. The aerobic group exercised under the supervision of a fitness trainer at 75% to 85% of heart rate reserve for 45 to 60 min/d, 4 d/wk for 6 months. The control group carried out supervised stretching activities according to the same schedule but maintained their heart rate at or below 50% of their heart rate reserve. Before and after the study, glucometabolic and treadmill tests were performed and fat distribution was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. At baseline, month 3, and month 6, blood was collected for assay and cognitive tests were administered. Main Outcome Measures Performance measures on Symbol-Digit Modalities, Verbal Fluency, Stroop, Trails B, Task Switching, Story Recall, and List Learning. Fasting plasma levels of insulin, cortisol, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulinlike growth factor-I, and β-amyloids 40 and 42. Results Six months of high-intensity aerobic exercise had sex-specific effects on cognition, glucose metabolism, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and trophic activity despite comparable gains in cardiorespiratory fitness and body fat reduction. For women, aerobic exercise improved performance on multiple tests of executive function, increased glucose disposal during the metabolic clamp, and reduced fasting plasma levels of insulin, cortisol, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. For men, aerobic exercise increased plasma levels of insulinlike growth factor I and had a favorable effect only on Trails B performance. Conclusions This study provides support, using rigorous controlled methodology, for a potent nonpharmacologic intervention that improves executive control processes for older women at high risk of cognitive decline. Moreover, our results suggest that a sex bias in cognitive response may relate to sex-based differences in glucometabolic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to aerobic exercise.read more
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Aerobic exercise improves cognition for older adults with glucose intolerance, a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.
Laura D. Baker,Laura D. Baker,Laura L. Frank,Laura L. Frank,Karen E. Foster-Schubert,Karen E. Foster-Schubert,Pattie S. Green,Pattie S. Green,Charles W. Wilkinson,Charles W. Wilkinson,Anne McTiernan,Anne McTiernan,Brenna Cholerton,Brenna Cholerton,Stephen R. Plymate,Stephen R. Plymate,Mark A. Fishel,Mark A. Fishel,G. Stennis Watson,G. Stennis Watson,Glen E. Duncan,Pankaj D. Mehta,Suzanne Craft,Suzanne Craft +23 more
TL;DR: A cognition-enhancing effect of aerobic exercise for older glucose intolerant adults is suggested, which potentially has important therapeutic implications for a growing number of adults at increased risk of cognitive decline.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive and physical rehabilitation of intensive care unit survivors: results of the RETURN randomized controlled pilot investigation.
James C. Jackson,E. Wesley Ely,Miriam C. Morey,Venice M. Anderson,Laural B. Denne,Jennifer K. Clune,Carol S. Siebert,Kristin R. Archer,Renee E. Torres,David R. Janz,Elena Schiro,Julie Jones,Ayumi K. Shintani,Brian Levine,Brenda T. Pun,Jennifer L. Thompson,Nathan E. Brummel,Helen Hoenig +17 more
TL;DR: In this article, a multi-faceted, in-home tele-rehabilitation program implemented using social workers and psychology technicians with the goal of improving cognitive and functional outcomes is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study: Design and Methods
Roger A. Fielding,W. Jack Rejeski,Steven N. Blair,Timothy S. Church,Mark A. Espeland,Thomas M. Gill,Jack M. Guralnik,Fang-Chi Hsu,Jeffrey A. Katula,Abby C. King,Stephen B. Kritchevsky,Mary M. McDermott,Michael E. Miller,Susan G. Nayfield,Anne B. Newman,Jeff D. Williamson,Denise E. Bonds,Sergei Romashkan,Evan C. Hadley,Marco Pahor +19 more
TL;DR: The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study is a Phase 3 multicenter randomized controlled trial designed to compare a supervised moderate-intensity physical activity program with a successful aging health education program in 1,600 sedentary older persons followed for an average of 2.7 years.
Journal ArticleDOI
BDNF mediates improvements in executive function following a 1-year exercise intervention.
Regina L. Leckie,Lauren E. Oberlin,Michelle W. Voss,Ruchika Shaurya Prakash,Amanda N. Szabo-Reed,Laura Chaddock-Heyman,Siobhan M. Phillips,Neha P. Gothe,Emily L. Mailey,Victoria J. Vieira-Potter,Stephen A. Martin,Brandt D. Pence,Mingkuan Lin,Raja Parasuraman,Pamela M. Greenwood,Karl J. Fryxell,Jeffrey A. Woods,Edward McAuley,Arthur F. Kramer,Kirk I. Erickson +19 more
TL;DR: Results demonstrate that both age and BDNF serum levels are important factors to consider when investigating the mechanisms by which exercise interventions influence cognitive outcomes, particularly in elderly populations.
Journal ArticleDOI
A transdisciplinary perspective of chronic stress in relation to psychopathology throughout life span development
Robert-Paul Juster,Gustav Bizik,Martin Picard,Geneviève Arsenault-Lapierre,Shireen Sindi,Lyane Trepanier,Marie-France Marin,Nathalie Wan,Zoran Sekerovic,Catherine Lord,Alexandra J. Fiocco,Pierrich Plusquellec,Bruce S. McEwen,Sonia J. Lupien +13 more
TL;DR: It is argued that the allostatic load model goes beyond traditional stress–disease theories toward the advancement of person-centered research and practice that promote not only physical health but also mental health.
References
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Fitness Effects on the Cognitive Function of Older Adults: A Meta-Analytic Study
TL;DR: Fitness training was found to have robust but selective benefits for cognition, with the largest fitness-induced benefits occurring for executive-control processes.
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