Effects of aerobic exercise on mild cognitive impairment: a controlled trial.
Laura D. Baker,Laura L. Frank,Karen E. Foster-Schubert,Pattie S. Green,Charles W. Wilkinson,Anne McTiernan,Stephen R. Plymate,Mark A. Fishel,G. Stennis Watson,Brenna Cholerton,Glen E. Duncan,Pankaj D. Mehta,Suzanne Craft +12 more
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Six months of high-intensity aerobic exercise had sex-specific effects on cognition, glucose metabolism, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and trophic activity despite comparable gains in cardiorespiratory fitness and body fat reduction.Abstract:
Objectives To examine the effects of aerobic exercise on cognition and other biomarkers associated with Alzheimer disease pathology for older adults with mild cognitive impairment, and assess the role of sex as a predictor of response. Design Six-month, randomized, controlled, clinical trial. Setting Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System clinical research unit. Participants Thirty-three adults (17 women) with amnestic mild cognitive impairment ranging in age from 55 to 85 years (mean age, 70 years). Intervention Participants were randomized either to a high-intensity aerobic exercise or stretching control group. The aerobic group exercised under the supervision of a fitness trainer at 75% to 85% of heart rate reserve for 45 to 60 min/d, 4 d/wk for 6 months. The control group carried out supervised stretching activities according to the same schedule but maintained their heart rate at or below 50% of their heart rate reserve. Before and after the study, glucometabolic and treadmill tests were performed and fat distribution was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. At baseline, month 3, and month 6, blood was collected for assay and cognitive tests were administered. Main Outcome Measures Performance measures on Symbol-Digit Modalities, Verbal Fluency, Stroop, Trails B, Task Switching, Story Recall, and List Learning. Fasting plasma levels of insulin, cortisol, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulinlike growth factor-I, and β-amyloids 40 and 42. Results Six months of high-intensity aerobic exercise had sex-specific effects on cognition, glucose metabolism, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and trophic activity despite comparable gains in cardiorespiratory fitness and body fat reduction. For women, aerobic exercise improved performance on multiple tests of executive function, increased glucose disposal during the metabolic clamp, and reduced fasting plasma levels of insulin, cortisol, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. For men, aerobic exercise increased plasma levels of insulinlike growth factor I and had a favorable effect only on Trails B performance. Conclusions This study provides support, using rigorous controlled methodology, for a potent nonpharmacologic intervention that improves executive control processes for older women at high risk of cognitive decline. Moreover, our results suggest that a sex bias in cognitive response may relate to sex-based differences in glucometabolic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to aerobic exercise.read more
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Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
Philip B. Gorelick,Angelo Scuteri,Sandra E. Black,Charles DeCarli,Steven M. Greenberg,Costantino Iadecola,Lenore J. Launer,Stéphane Laurent,Oscar L. Lopez,David L. Nyenhuis,Ronald C. Petersen,Julie A. Schneider,Christophe Tzourio,Donna K. Arnett,David A. Bennett,Helena C. Chui,Randall T. Higashida,Ruth Lindquist,Peter M. Nilsson,Gustavo C. Román,Frank W. Sellke,Sudha Seshadri +21 more
TL;DR: This scientific statement provides an overview of the evidence on vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia and provides evidence that subcortical forms of VCI with white matter hyperintensities and small deep infarcts are common and risk markers for VCI are the same as traditional risk factors for stroke.
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Exercise as medicine – evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases
TL;DR: This review provides the reader with the up‐to‐date evidence‐based basis for prescribing exercise as medicine in the treatment of 26 different diseases: psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, stress, schizophrenia).
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Defeating Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: a priority for European science and society
Bengt Winblad,Bengt Winblad,Philippe Amouyel,Sandrine Andrieu,Clive Ballard,Carol Brayne,Henry Brodaty,Angel Cedazo-Minguez,Bruno Dubois,David Edvardsson,David Edvardsson,Howard Feldman,Laura Fratiglioni,Giovanni B. Frisoni,Serge Gauthier,Jean Georges,Caroline Graff,Caroline Graff,Khalid Iqbal,Frank Jessen,Frank Jessen,Gunilla Johansson,Linus Jönsson,Miia Kivipelto,Miia Kivipelto,Martin Knapp,Francesca Mangialasche,René J. F. Melis,Agneta Nordberg,Agneta Nordberg,Marcel G. M. Olde Rikkert,Chengxuan Qiu,Thomas P. Sakmar,Thomas P. Sakmar,Philip Scheltens,Lon S. Schneider,Reisa A. Sperling,Lars O. Tjernberg,Gunhild Waldemar,Anders Wimo,Henrik Zetterberg,Henrik Zetterberg +41 more
TL;DR: This poster aims to demonstrate the efforts towards in-situ applicability of EMMARM, which aims to provide real-time information about the physical and cognitive properties of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Diagnosis and Management of Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Clinical Review
Kenneth M. Langa,Deborah Levine +1 more
TL;DR: Cognitive decline and MCI have important implications for patients and their families and will require that primary care clinicians be skilled in identifying and managing this common disorder as the number of older adults increases in coming decades.
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Bridging animal and human models of exercise-induced brain plasticity.
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of exercise on hippocampal structure and function, addressing common themes such as spatial memory and pattern separation, brain structure and plasticity, neurotrophic factors, and vasculature.
References
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Voluntary Exercise Decreases Amyloid Load in a Transgenic Model of Alzheimer's Disease
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that exercise is a simple behavioral intervention sufficient to inhibit the normal progression of AD-like neuropathology in the TgCRND8 mouse model.
Voluntary exercise decreases amyloid load in a transgenic model of Alzheimer's diseases
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used TgCRND8 mice to examine directly the interaction between exercise and the AD cascade, and found that five months of voluntary exercise resulted in a decrease in extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in the frontal cortex.
Journal ArticleDOI
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is stored in human platelets and released by agonist stimulation.
Hironobu Fujimura,C. Anthony Altar,Ruoyan Chen,Takashi Nakamura,Takeshi Nakahashi,Jun-ichi Kambayashi,Bing Sun,Narendra N. Tandon +7 more
TL;DR: Platelets appear to bind, store and release BDNF upon activation at the site of traumatic injury to facilitate the repair of peripheral nerves or other tissues that contain TrkB.
Journal ArticleDOI
Verbal fluency performance in dementia of the Alzheimer's type: a meta-analysis.
TL;DR: The semantic memory deficit in DAT qualifies as a differential deficit, but executive dysfunction as indexed by phonemic fluency does not constitute an additional isolated feature of the disorder.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diet‐induced insulin resistance impairs hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognition in middle‐aged rats
Alexis M. Stranahan,Eric Norman,Kim Lee,Roy G. Cutler,Richard Telljohann,Josephine M. Egan,Mark P. Mattson +6 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that a high‐calorie diet reduces hippocampal synaptic plasticity and impairs cognitive function, possibly through BDNF‐mediated effects on dendritic spines.
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