Energy efficiency and consumption — the rebound effect — a survey
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of some of the relevant literature from the US offers definitions and identifies sources including direct, secondary, and economy-wide sources and concludes that the range of estimates for the size of the rebound effect is very low to moderate.
About: This article is published in Energy Policy.The article was published on 2000-06-01. It has received 1867 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Rebound effect (conservation) & Energy consumption.
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01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, the Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern Nachhaltigkeit and Konsum miteinander vereinbar sind.
Abstract: In diesem Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern Nachhaltigkeit und Konsum miteinander vereinbar sind. Es werden in diesem Rahmen zunachst verschiedene Konsummuster diskutiert, die an Kriterien der Nachhaltigkeit ausgerichtet sind. Auserdem werden Einflussfaktoren der Person, der sozialen Beziehungen sowie des Kontextes diskutiert, die mit nachhaltigkeitsorientiertem Konsumhandeln in Zusammenhang stehen. Abgeschlossen wird der Beitrag durch einen kurzen Abriss uber Masnahmen, die zur Forderung nachhaltigkeitsorientierten Handelns und Konsums beitragen konnen.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the potential of energy efficiency in manufacturing industries in Zimbabwe using questionnaires, walk-through audits and semi-structured interviews, and found that there would be significant potential energy saving in Zimbabwe through adopting various energy efficiency programmes.
Abstract: Recent policy discussions on energy use in Zimbabwe sparked interest in the economic case for energy efficiency, suggesting the need to investigate the relevant costs and benefits. This paper investigated the potential of energy efficiency in manufacturing industries in Zimbabwe. Data collection was done using questionnaires, walk-through audits and semi-structured interviews. The data set was then analysed using regression analysis. The results show that there would be significant potential energy saving in Zimbabwe through adopting various energy efficiency programmes. The main energy efficiency barriers identified were: poorly structured electricity tariffs; risk of production disruption; resistance of operational staff to a changed working style; lack of coordination between company divisions; lack of information on energy efficiency programmes; and lack of support from senior management on issues that relate to energy efficiency. A straightforward energy efficiency policy framework is proposed, and three main players identified, namely government, energy regulator, and research institutions.
5 citations
Cites background from "Energy efficiency and consumption —..."
...The energy input to gross domestic product (GDP) ratio is the most commonly used aggregate economic metric for measuring a nation’s EE (Patterson, 1996; Greening et al., 2000; Boyd & Pang, 2000)....
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01 Jan 2021
5 citations
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: There is a contradiction between the common Danish smart grid script and the role of prosumers and the concept of ‘remote control’ contradicts the rhythm of the practices of everyday life that prosumers strive for in the current PV tariff structure.
Abstract: Smart grid development and households in experimental projects The use of renewable energy has become of great interest to the Danish government as it would allow Denmark to become independent of fossil fuels. One of the stated ambitions is that, in 2020, 50% of Denmark ́s electricity will come from wind energy. Such changes constitute a significant challenge to the electricity grids and call for the development of smart grids. The Danish Smart Grid Strategy states that ‘flexible electricity consumption’ is the main purpose of smart grids in Denmark, envisioning that future consumers will have flexible consumption of electricity. Thus, they are expected to respond to the supply side and consume energy when it is available. The goal of this thesis is to investigate how household consumers are integrated in smart grid development activities. More specifically, it focuses on household consumers, as they are represented in experimental projects in the smart grid area. This is done by building theoretically on the concept of scripts (Akrich, 1992) and on Practice theory (Shove et al., 2009; Schatzki, 2002; Reckwitz, 2002). Empirically, the focus is primarily on development activities in Denmark. The overall research question of the thesis is: How are households in the smart grid being envisioned in experimental projects, and how are they responding to these visions? This thesis increases the understanding of the visions of smart grids and household consumers and of how they actually are responding to smart grid technologies and concepts. Particular attention has been given to overall visions in experimental projects, the new emerging practices related to the new role of being a prosumer, and lastly, the issues of control. The results of the first paper show that, although flexible consumption may entail large changes in households’ everyday activities, there has been little research on the area in Danish smart grid experimental projects. Overall, the consumers are expected, to some extent, to provide flexibility by changing their energy-consuming practices because of economic incentives by means of manual or automated control of devices. Moreover, the Danish smart grid development community is not acknowledging the role of prosumers in the grid, although the perspective of prosumers might play a role in the transition towards a fossil-free energy system. The following two papers address the issue of household consumers and everyday life aspects in smart grid households and find that there is a contradiction between the common Danish smart grid script and the role of prosumers. Furthermore, the concept of ‘remote control’ contradicts the rhythm of the practices of everyday life that prosumers strive for in the current PV tariff structure.
5 citations
5 citations
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Book•
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: Deaton and Muellbauer as mentioned in this paper introduced generations of students to the economic theory of consumer behaviour and used it in applied econometrics, including consumer index numbers, household characteristics, demand, and household welfare comparisons.
Abstract: This classic text has introduced generations of students to the economic theory of consumer behaviour. Written by 2015 Nobel Laureate Angus Deaton and John Muellbauer, the book begins with a self-contained presentation of the basic theory and its use in applied econometrics. These early chapters also include elementary extensions of the theory to labour supply, durable goods, the consumption function, and rationing. The rest of the book is divided into three parts. In the first of these the authors discuss restrictions on choice and aggregation problems. The next part consists of chapters on consumer index numbers; household characteristics, demand, and household welfare comparisons; and social welfare and inequality. The last part extends the coverage of consumer behaviour to include the quality of goods and household production theory, labour supply and human capital theory, the consumption function and intertemporal choice, the demand for durable goods, and choice under uncertainty.
3,952 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an industrial demand for energy is essentially a derived demand: the firm's demand for the energy is an input, derived from demand for a firm's output, which is an output.
Abstract: Industrial demand for energy is essentially a derived demand: the firm's demand for energy is an input is derived from demand for the firm's output. Inputs other than energy typically also enter the firm's production process. Since firms tend to choose that bundle of inputs which minimized the total cost of producing a giving level of output, the derived demand for inputs, including energy, depends on the level of output, the submitions possibilies among inputs allow by production technology, and the relative prices of all inputs.
1,422 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model of individual behavior in the purchase and utilization of energy-using durables is presented, where the tradeoff between capital costs for more energy efficient appliances and operating costs for the appliances is emphasized.
Abstract: This article presents a model of individual behavior in the purchase and utilization of energy-using durables. The tradeoff between capital costs for more energy efficient appliances and operating costs for the appliances is emphasized. Using data on both the purchase and utilization of room air conditioners, the model is applied to a sample of households. The utilization equation indicates a relatively low price elasticity. The purchase equation, based on a discrete choice model, demonstrates that individuals do trade off capital costs and expected operating costs. The results also show that individuals use a discount rate of about 20 percent in making the tradeoff decision and that the discount rate varies inversely with income.
1,361 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the indiscriminate use of mandated standards will backfire, but a mix of selective standards and reliance on prices as a restraint can be effective.
Abstract: Regulations which mandate appliance efficiency standards may be based on calculations which exaggerate the potential energy savings. Improved efficiency can, in fact, increase demand enough to be counterproductive unless the standards are applied selectively. As appliances improve, they are used more, new stock is demanded, and the demand for and use of related equipment increases. The policy implications of these empirical studies are that the indiscriminate use of mandated standards will backfire, but a mix of selective standards and reliance on prices as a restraint can be effective. 11 references, 5 figures, 2 tables. (DCK)
802 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a detailed study of automobile demand and use, presenting forecasts based on the powerful new techniques of qualitative choice analysis and standard regression techniques, which are combined to analyze situations that neither alone can accurately forecast.
Abstract: This book addresses two significant research areas in an interdependent fashion. It is first of all a comprehensive but concise text that covers the recently developed and widely applicable methods of qualitative choice analysis, illustrating the general theory through simulation models of automobile demand and use. It is also a detailed study of automobile demand and use, presenting forecasts based on these powerful new techniques. The book develops the general principles that underlie qualitative choice models that are now being applied in numerous fields in addition to transportation, such as housing, labor, energy, communications, and criminology. The general form, derivation, and estimation of qualitative choice models are explained, and the major models - logit, probit, and GEV - are discussed in detail. And continuous/discrete models are introduced. In these, qualitative choice methods and standard regression techniques are combined to analyze situations that neither alone can accurately forecast. Summarizing previous research on auto demand, the book shows how qualitative choice methods can be used by applying them to specific auto-related decisions as the aggregate of individuals' choices. The simulation model that is constructed is a significant improvement over older models, and should prove more useful to agencies and organizations requiring accurate forecasting of auto demand and use for planning and policy development. The book concludes with an actual case study based on a model designed for the investigations of the California Energy Commission.
726 citations