Journal ArticleDOI
Enhancement of Pt and Pt-alloy fuel cell catalyst activity and durability via nitrogen-modified carbon supports
Yingke Zhou,Yingke Zhou,Kenneth C. Neyerlin,Tim S. Olson,Svitlana Pylypenko,Svitlana Pylypenko,Justin B. Bult,Huyen N. Dinh,Thomas Gennett,Zongping Shao,Ryan O'Hayre +10 more
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TLDR
In this article, the nitrogen functional groups introduced into a carbon support appear to influence at least three aspects of the catalyst/support system: modified nucleation and growth kinetics during catalyst nanoparticle deposition, which results in smaller catalyst particle size and increased catalyst particle dispersion, increased support/catalyst chemical binding (or "tethering"), and catalyst particle electronic structure modification, which enhances intrinsic catalytic activity.Abstract:
Insufficient catalytic activity and durability are key barriers to the commercial deployment of low temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and direct-methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Recent observations suggest that carbon-based catalyst support materials can be systematically doped with nitrogen to create strong, beneficial catalyst-support interactions which substantially enhance catalyst activity and stability. Data suggest that nitrogen functional groups introduced into a carbon support appear to influence at least three aspects of the catalyst/support system: 1) modified nucleation and growth kinetics during catalyst nanoparticle deposition, which results in smaller catalyst particle size and increased catalyst particle dispersion, 2) increased support/catalyst chemical binding (or “tethering”), which results in enhanced durability, and 3) catalyst nanoparticle electronic structure modification, which enhances intrinsic catalytic activity. This review highlights recent studies that provide broad-based evidence for these nitrogen-modification effects as well as insights into the underlying fundamental mechanisms.read more
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Metal–air batteries: from oxygen reduction electrochemistry to cathode catalysts
Fangyi Cheng,Jun Chen +1 more
TL;DR: The battery electrochemistry and catalytic mechanism of oxygen reduction reactions are discussed on the basis of aqueous and organic electrolytes, and the design and optimization of air-electrode structure are outlined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Metal-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction.
TL;DR: This paper presents a probabilistic procedure for estimating the polymethine content of carbon dioxide using a straightforward two-step procedure, and shows good results in both the stationary and the liquid phase.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon-Supported Pt-Based Alloy Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells: Particle Size, Shape, and Composition Manipulation and Their Impact to Activity
TL;DR: Reduction Reaction in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells: Particle Size, Shape, and Composition Manipulation and Their Impact to Activity
Journal ArticleDOI
Sustainable carbon materials
Maria-Magdalena Titirici,Robin J. White,Nicolas Brun,Vitaliy L. Budarin,Dang Sheng Su,Francisco del Monte,James H. Clark,Mark J. MacLachlan +7 more
TL;DR: This review will introduce to the reader the most recent and important progress regarding the production of sustainable carbon materials, whilst also highlighting their application in important environmental and energy related fields.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nanostructured carbon for energy storage and conversion
Stephanie L. Candelaria,Yuyan Shao,Wei Zhou,Xiaolin Li,Jie Xiao,Ji Guang Zhang,Yong Wang,Jun Liu,Jinghong Li,Guozhong Cao +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a review article summarizes the recent research progress on the synthesis of nanostructured carbon and its application in energy storage and conversion, and the common challenges in developing simple, scalable, and environmentally friendly synthetic and manufacturing processes, in controlling the nanoscale and high level structures and functions, and in integrating such materials with suitable device architectures are reviewed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Activity benchmarks and requirements for Pt, Pt-alloy, and non-Pt oxygen reduction catalysts for PEMFCs
TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantified the activities and voltage loss modes for state-of-the-art MEAs (membrane electrode assemblies), specifies performance goals needed for automotive application, and provides benchmark oxygen reduction activities for state of the art platinum electrocatalysts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Changing the Activity of Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction by Tuning the Surface Electronic Structure
Vojislav R. Stamenkovic,Bongjinsimon Mun,Karl Johann Jakob Mayrhofer,Philip N. Ross,Nenad M. Markovic,Jan Rossmeisl,Jeffrey Greeley,Jens K. Nørskov +7 more
TL;DR: Pt alloys involving 3d metals are better catalysts than Pt because the electronic structure of the Pt atoms in the surface of these alloys has been modified slightly, and it is shown that electrocatalysts can be designed on the basis of fundamental insight.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution of nitrogen functionalities in carbonaceous materials during pyrolysis
TL;DR: In this paper, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to investigate the fate of nitrogen functional forms present in a lignite and its chars, derived from the model compounds acridine, carbazole and polyacrylonitrile (PAN).
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon supports for low-temperature fuel cell catalysts
TL;DR: An overview of carbon supports for Pt-based catalysts, with particular attention on new carbon materials, is presented in this paper, where the effect of substrate characteristics on catalyst properties, as electrocatalytic activity and stability in fuel cell environment, is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of Fe-N/C and Co-N/C catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction
Cícero Wellington Brito Bezerra,Cícero Wellington Brito Bezerra,Lei Zhang,Kunchan Lee,Hansan Liu,Aldaldéa L. B. Marques,Edmar P. Marques,Haijiang Wang,Jiujun Zhang +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed over 100 articles related to heat-treated Fe-and Co-N/C catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction and identified a saturated metal content as a major limiting factor for further improvement of catalyst activity.
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