Eukaryotic Viruses in Wastewater Samples from the United States
TLDR
A baseline understanding of viruses in raw sewage will enable educated decisions to be made regarding the use of different viruses in water quality assessments, and uncovered previously unknown sequence diversity in human picobirnaviruses.Abstract:
Human fecal matter contains a large number of viruses, and current bacterial indicators used for monitoring water quality do not correlate with the presence of pathogenic viruses. Adenoviruses and enteroviruses have often been used to identify fecal pollution in the environment; however, other viruses shed in fecal matter may more accurately detect fecal pollution. The purpose of this study was to develop a baseline understanding of the types of viruses found in raw sewage. PCR was used to detect adenoviruses, enteroviruses, hepatitis B viruses, herpesviruses, morbilliviruses, noroviruses, papillomaviruses, picobirnaviruses, reoviruses, and rotaviruses in raw sewage collected throughout the United States. Adenoviruses and picobirnaviruses were detected in 100% of raw sewage samples and 25% and 33% of final effluent samples, respectively. Enteroviruses and noroviruses were detected in 75% and 58% of raw sewage samples, respectively, and both viral groups were found in 8% of final effluent samples. This study showed that adenoviruses, enteroviruses, noroviruses, and picobirnaviruses are widespread in raw sewage. Since adenoviruses and picobirnaviruses were detected in 100% of raw sewage samples, they are potential markers of fecal contamination. Additionally, this research uncovered previously unknown sequence diversity in human picobirnaviruses. This baseline understanding of viruses in raw sewage will enable educated decisions to be made regarding the use of different viruses in water quality assessments.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparison of virus concentration methods for the RT-qPCR-based recovery of murine hepatitis virus, a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2 from untreated wastewater.
Warish Ahmed,Paul M. Bertsch,Aaron Bivins,Kyle Bibby,Kata Farkas,Amy Gathercole,Eiji Haramoto,Pradip Gyawali,Asja Korajkic,Brian R. McMinn,Jochen F. Mueller,Stuart L. Simpson,Wendy Smith,Erin M. Symonds,Kevin V. Thomas,Rory Verhagen,Masaaki Kitajima +16 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that absorption-extraction methods with minimal pretreatment or without manipulation can provide suitably rapid, cost-effective and relatively straightforward recovery of enveloped viruses in wastewater.
Journal ArticleDOI
Raw Sewage Harbors Diverse Viral Populations
Paul G. Cantalupo,Byron Calgua,Guoyan Zhao,Ayalkibet Hundesa,Adam D. Wier,Joshua P. Katz,Michael Grabe,Roger W. Hendrix,Rosina Girones,David Wang,James M. Pipas +10 more
TL;DR: Deep sequencing nucleic acids obtained from virion populations enriched from raw sewage revealed 234 known viruses, including 17 that infect humans, making untreated wastewater the most diverse viral metagenome examined thus far.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pepper mild mottle virus as an indicator of fecal pollution.
Karyna Rosario,Erin M. Symonds,Christopher D. Sinigalliano,Jill R. Stewart,Jill R. Stewart,Mya Breitbart +5 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the plant pathogen Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) is widespread and abundant in wastewater from the United States, suggesting the utility of this virus as an indicator of human fecal pollution.
Journal ArticleDOI
High Variety of Known and New RNA and DNA Viruses of Diverse Origins in Untreated Sewage
Terry Fei Fan Ng,Rachel L. Marine,Chunlin Wang,Peter Simmonds,Beatrix Kapusinszky,Beatrix Kapusinszky,Ladaporn Bodhidatta,Bamidele Soji Oderinde,K. E. Wommack,Eric Delwart,Eric Delwart +10 more
TL;DR: The utility of analyzing sewage to monitor shedding of viral pathogens and the high viral diversity found in this common pollutant are highlighted and genetic information is provided to facilitate future studies of these newly characterized viruses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of pepper mild mottle virus, human picobirnavirus and Torque teno virus as indicators of fecal contamination in river water
TL;DR: The high excretion level and dissemination of PMMoV in human sewage and river water suggest thatPMMoV could be a promising indicator of fecal pollution in surface water.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Distribution of viruses associated with particles in waste water.
TL;DR: Results indicate that the original solids-associated virus as well as that is secondarily adsorbed to mixed liquor-suspended solids is lost during clarification, indicating some protection due to association with particles larger than 0.3 micrometers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Symptomatology of children in contact with sea water contaminated with sewage.
TL;DR: Children who come into contact with contaminated sea water are likely to develop symptoms as a result, and none of the other variables investigated could account for the significant increase in the reported symptom experience of those children in contact with sea water contaminated with sewage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular epidemiological survey of rotaviruses in sewage by reverse transcriptase seminested PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism assay.
TL;DR: Both human and animal origins of rotavirus contamination of water seemed likely, as well as the presence of naturally occurring rotaviruses in raw sewage samples and treated effluent samples.
Journal ArticleDOI
Concentration and detection of hepatitis A virus and rotavirus in spring water samples by reverse transcription-PCR.
TL;DR: In the present study, samples of bottled spring water were inoculated with known amounts of HAV, rotaviruses, and rotavirus viral particles and filtered through positively charged membranes, achieving detection limit by reverse-transcription (RT-PCR) and at least 10(-1) TCID50%/ml for HAV andRotavirus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Marine Swimming-Related Illness: Implications for Monitoring and Environmental Policy
TL;DR: The environmental factors that may contribute to illness, the types of associated economic costs, the issues of water quality monitoring and the policy implications raised by the apparent rise in incidence of marine water-related illnesses are addressed.
Related Papers (5)
Enteric viruses of humans and animals in aquatic environments: health risks, detection, and potential water quality assessment tools.
Theng Theng Fong,Erin K. Lipp +1 more