Eukaryotic Viruses in Wastewater Samples from the United States
TLDR
A baseline understanding of viruses in raw sewage will enable educated decisions to be made regarding the use of different viruses in water quality assessments, and uncovered previously unknown sequence diversity in human picobirnaviruses.Abstract:
Human fecal matter contains a large number of viruses, and current bacterial indicators used for monitoring water quality do not correlate with the presence of pathogenic viruses. Adenoviruses and enteroviruses have often been used to identify fecal pollution in the environment; however, other viruses shed in fecal matter may more accurately detect fecal pollution. The purpose of this study was to develop a baseline understanding of the types of viruses found in raw sewage. PCR was used to detect adenoviruses, enteroviruses, hepatitis B viruses, herpesviruses, morbilliviruses, noroviruses, papillomaviruses, picobirnaviruses, reoviruses, and rotaviruses in raw sewage collected throughout the United States. Adenoviruses and picobirnaviruses were detected in 100% of raw sewage samples and 25% and 33% of final effluent samples, respectively. Enteroviruses and noroviruses were detected in 75% and 58% of raw sewage samples, respectively, and both viral groups were found in 8% of final effluent samples. This study showed that adenoviruses, enteroviruses, noroviruses, and picobirnaviruses are widespread in raw sewage. Since adenoviruses and picobirnaviruses were detected in 100% of raw sewage samples, they are potential markers of fecal contamination. Additionally, this research uncovered previously unknown sequence diversity in human picobirnaviruses. This baseline understanding of viruses in raw sewage will enable educated decisions to be made regarding the use of different viruses in water quality assessments.read more
Citations
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Raw Sewage Harbors Diverse Viral Populations
Paul G. Cantalupo,Byron Calgua,Guoyan Zhao,Ayalkibet Hundesa,Adam D. Wier,Joshua P. Katz,Michael Grabe,Roger W. Hendrix,Rosina Girones,David Wang,James M. Pipas +10 more
TL;DR: Deep sequencing nucleic acids obtained from virion populations enriched from raw sewage revealed 234 known viruses, including 17 that infect humans, making untreated wastewater the most diverse viral metagenome examined thus far.
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Pepper mild mottle virus as an indicator of fecal pollution.
Karyna Rosario,Erin M. Symonds,Christopher D. Sinigalliano,Jill R. Stewart,Jill R. Stewart,Mya Breitbart +5 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the plant pathogen Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) is widespread and abundant in wastewater from the United States, suggesting the utility of this virus as an indicator of human fecal pollution.
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High Variety of Known and New RNA and DNA Viruses of Diverse Origins in Untreated Sewage
Terry Fei Fan Ng,Rachel L. Marine,Chunlin Wang,Peter Simmonds,Beatrix Kapusinszky,Beatrix Kapusinszky,Ladaporn Bodhidatta,Bamidele Soji Oderinde,K. E. Wommack,Eric Delwart,Eric Delwart +10 more
TL;DR: The utility of analyzing sewage to monitor shedding of viral pathogens and the high viral diversity found in this common pollutant are highlighted and genetic information is provided to facilitate future studies of these newly characterized viruses.
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Evaluation of pepper mild mottle virus, human picobirnavirus and Torque teno virus as indicators of fecal contamination in river water
TL;DR: The high excretion level and dissemination of PMMoV in human sewage and river water suggest thatPMMoV could be a promising indicator of fecal pollution in surface water.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Krisztián Bányai,Vito Martella,Agnes Bogdan,Petra Forgách,Ferenc Jakab,Edina Meleg,H. Bíró,Béla Melegh,G. Szűcs +8 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
An efficient virus concentration method and RT-nested PCR for detection of rotaviruses in environmental water samples.
Leera Kittigul,Som Ekchaloemkiet,Fuangfa Utrarachkij,Kanokrat Siripanichgon,Dusit Sujirarat,Supornvit Pungchitton,Augsana Boonthum +6 more
TL;DR: The combination of the virus concentration method and RT-nested PCR described below made it possible to effectively detect rotaviruses in environmental water samples.
Journal ArticleDOI
Detection of adenoviruses in shellfish by means of conventional-PCR, nested-PCR, and integrated cell culture PCR (ICC/PCR)
Caroline Rigotto,Thaís Cristine Marques Sincero,Cláudia Maria Oliveira Simões,Célia Regina Monte Barardi +3 more
TL;DR: The present work suggests that detection of human adenoviruses can be used as a tool to monitor the presence of human viruses in marine environments where shellfish grow, and that nested-PCR is the method of choice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Detection of Genogroup I and II human picobirnaviruses showing small genomic RNA profile causing acute watery diarrhoea among children in Kolkata, India.
R. Bhattacharya,Ganesh Chandra Sahoo,Mukti Kant Nayak,Krishnan Rajendran,P. Dutta,Utpala Mitra,M. K. Bhattacharya,T. N. Naik,S. K. Bhattacharya,Triveni Krishnan +9 more
TL;DR: The short genome profile PBVs associated with acute watery diarrhoea may be another emerging diarrhoeagenic virus in Kolkata, India, where four PBV positives of Genogroup II were detected during this study.
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