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Extraordinary optical transmission through sub-wavelength hole arrays

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TLDR
In this article, the optical properties of submicrometre cylindrical cavities in metallic films were explored and it was shown that arrays of such holes display highly unusual zero-order transmission spectra at wavelengths larger than the array period, beyond which no diffraction occurs.
Abstract
The desire to use and control photons in a manner analogous to the control of electrons in solids has inspired great interest in such topics as the localization of light, microcavity quantum electrodynamics and near-field optics1,2,3,4,5,6. A fundamental constraint in manipulating light is the extremely low transmittivity of apertures smaller than the wavelength of the incident photon. While exploring the optical properties of submicrometre cylindrical cavities in metallic films, we have found that arrays of such holes display highly unusual zero-order transmission spectra (where the incident and detected light are collinear) at wavelengths larger than the array period, beyond which no diffraction occurs. In particular, sharp peaks in transmission are observed at wavelengths as large as ten times the diameter of the cylinders. At these maxima the transmission efficiency can exceed unity (when normalized to the area of the holes), which is orders of magnitude greater than predicted by standard aperture theory. Our experiments provide evidence that these unusual optical properties are due to the coupling of light with plasmons — electronic excitations — on the surface of the periodically patterned metal film. Measurements of transmission as a function of the incident light angle result in a photonic band diagram. These findings may find application in novel photonic devices.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Theory of surface plasmons and surface-plasmon polaritons

TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical description of the many-body dynamical electronic response of solids is presented, which underlines the existence of various collective electronic excitations at metal surfaces.
Journal ArticleDOI

Radiative decay engineering 5: metal-enhanced fluorescence and plasmon emission

TL;DR: The RP model provides a rational approach for designing fluorophore-metal configurations with the desired emissive properties and a basis for nanophotonic fluorophores technology.
Journal ArticleDOI

Nanosphere lithography: Tunable localized surface plasmon resonance spectra of silver nanoparticles

TL;DR: The wavelength corresponding to the extinction maximum, λmax, of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of silver nanoparticle arrays fabricated by nanosphere lithography (NSL) can be systematically tuned from ∼400 nm to 6000 nm as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI

Strong coupling between surface plasmon polaritons and emitters: a review

TL;DR: This review looks at the concepts and state-of-the-art concerning the strong coupling of surface plasmon-polariton modes to states associated with quantum emitters such as excitons in J-aggregates, dye molecules and quantum dots.
Journal ArticleDOI

Light passing through subwavelength apertures

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a perspective on the recent developments in the transmission of light through subwavelength apertures in metal films, and the physical mechanisms operating in the different structures considered are analyzed within a common theoretical framework.
References
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Book

Principles of Optics

Max Born, +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss various topics about optics, such as geometrical theories, image forming instruments, and optics of metals and crystals, including interference, interferometers, and diffraction.

Principles of Optics

Max Born, +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss various topics about optics, such as geometrical theories, image forming instruments, and optics of metals and crystals, including interference, interferometers, and diffraction.
Journal ArticleDOI

Theory of Diffraction by Small Holes

TL;DR: In this paper, the diffraction of electromagnetic radiation by a hole small compared with the wave-length is treated theoretically, and a complete solution is found satisfying Maxwell's equations and the boundary conditions everywhere.
Journal ArticleDOI

Near-Field Optics: Microscopy, Spectroscopy, and Surface Modification Beyond the Diffraction Limit

Eric Betzig, +1 more
- 10 Jul 1992 - 
TL;DR: The near-field optical interaction between a sharp probe and a sample of interest can be exploited to image, spectroscopically probe, or modify surfaces at a resolution inaccessible by traditional far-field techniques, resulting in a technique of considerable versatility.
Journal ArticleDOI

Far-infrared properties of metallic mesh and its complementary structure

TL;DR: In this article, the optical properties of thin metallic mesh (inductive grids) are compared theoretically and experimentally with the properties of the complementary structure (capacitive grids) close interrelations are found in the non-diffraction region (wavelength > grid constant).
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