Journal ArticleDOI
Functional diversity of astrocytes in neural circuit regulation
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TLDR
An overview of the regional heterogeneity of neuron–astrocyte interactions indicates novel ways in which they could regulate normal neurological function and shows how they might become dysregulated in disease.Abstract:
Emerging evidence suggests that astrocytes may be as diverse in their physiological and functional characteristics as neurons. Ben Haim and Rowitch describe astrocyte heterogeneity, consider the mechanisms by which such diversity may arise and discuss the consequences of its disruption in disease.read more
Citations
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Astrocyte-Neuron Metabolic Crosstalk in Neurodegeneration: A Mitochondrial Perspective.
TL;DR: The role of mitochondria in the development of neurodegenerative diseases has been explored in this paper, where some of the so far identified features underlining the astrocyte-neuron metabolic crosstalk are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Differences in glutamate uptake between cortical regions impact neuronal NMDA receptor activation
Jennifer Romanos,Dietmar Benke,Aiman S. Saab,Hanns Ulrich Zeilhofer,Hanns Ulrich Zeilhofer,Mirko Santello +5 more
TL;DR: It is found that the frontal cortex more efficiently clears glutamate when synaptic stimulation frequency is high and this may prevent excessive neuronal excitation during sustained synaptic activity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Simulation of a Human-Scale Cerebellar Network Model on the K Computer.
TL;DR: This study built a human-scale spiking network model of the cerebellum, composed of 68 billion spiking neurons, on the K computer and succeeded in reproducing plausible neuronal activity patterns that are observed experimentally in animals.
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Mild Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Protects Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Astrocytic Activation and Blood-Brain Barrier Hyperpermeability.
TL;DR: Mild ER stress (“preconditioning”) can alleviate LPS-induced astrocytic activation and BBB disruption and indicate that mild ER stress might have therapeutic value for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Astrocytes in rapid ketamine antidepressant action
TL;DR: Studies revealing that (sub)anaesthetic doses of ketamine elevate intracellular cAMP concentration ([cAMP]i) in astrocytes, attenuate stimulus-evokedAstrocyte calcium signalling, which regulates exocytotic secretion of gliosignalling molecules, and stabilize the vesicle fusion pore in a narrow configuration possibly hindering cargo discharge or vesicles recycling are reviewed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Astrocytes: biology and pathology
TL;DR: Astrocyte functions in healthy CNS, mechanisms and functions of reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation, and ways in which reactive astrocytes may cause or contribute to specific CNS disorders and lesions are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular dissection of reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation.
TL;DR: Developments in the signaling mechanisms that regulate specific aspects of reactive astrogliosis are reviewed and the potential to identify novel therapeutic molecular targets for diverse neurological disorders is highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuronal specification in the spinal cord: inductive signals and transcriptional codes
TL;DR: The mechanisms that specify the identity of neural cells have been examined in many regions of the nervous system and reveal a high degree of conservation in the specification of cell fate by key signalling molecules.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genomic Analysis of Reactive Astrogliosis
Jennifer L. Zamanian,Lijun Xu,Lynette C. Foo,Navid Nouri,Lu Zhou,Rona G. Giffard,Ben A. Barres +6 more
TL;DR: The findings provide transcriptome databases for two subtypes of reactive astrocytes that will be highly useful in generating new and testable hypotheses of their function, as well as for providing new markers to detect different types of reactiveAstrocyte reactive gliosis in human neurological diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Astroglia induce neurogenesis from adult neural stem cells
TL;DR: These findings reinforce the emerging view that astrocytes have an active regulatory role—rather than merely supportive roles traditionally assigned to them—in the mature central nervous system.
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