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Functional diversity of astrocytes in neural circuit regulation
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TLDR
An overview of the regional heterogeneity of neuron–astrocyte interactions indicates novel ways in which they could regulate normal neurological function and shows how they might become dysregulated in disease.Abstract:
Emerging evidence suggests that astrocytes may be as diverse in their physiological and functional characteristics as neurons. Ben Haim and Rowitch describe astrocyte heterogeneity, consider the mechanisms by which such diversity may arise and discuss the consequences of its disruption in disease.read more
Citations
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The "Neuro-Glial-Vascular" Unit: The Role of Glia in Neurovascular Unit Formation and Dysfunction.
TL;DR: The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a complex multi-cellular structure consisting of endothelial cells (ECs), neurons, glia, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and pericytes as mentioned in this paper.
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Ablation of reactive astrocytes exacerbates disease pathology in a model of Alzheimer's disease.
Loukia Katsouri,Amy M. Birch,Alexander Renziehausen,Carolin Zach,Yahyah Aman,Hannah Steeds,Angela Bonsu,Emily Palmer,Nazanin Mirzaei,Miriam Ries,Magdalena Sastre +10 more
TL;DR: The data suggest that loss of reactive astrocytes in AD aggravates amyloid pathology and memory loss, possibly via disruption of amyloids clearance and enhanced neuroinflammation.
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The Gypsy Endogenous Retrovirus Drives Non-Cell-Autonomous Propagation in a Drosophila TDP-43 Model of Neurodegeneration.
Yung-Heng Chang,Josh Dubnau +1 more
TL;DR: It is shown that this focal onset of pathological protein aggregation is caused by an endogenous retrovirus within the glia, which leads to DNA damage and death in adjacent neurons, suggesting a possible mechanism by which human retroviruses such as HERV-K might contribute to TDP-43-mediated propagation of neurodegeneration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Homeostatic and regenerative neurogenesis in salamanders.
Alberto Joven,András Simon +1 more
TL;DR: The organization of salamander brain structures is outlined, with special focus on ependymoglial cells, and cellular and molecular processes of neurogenesis during developmental and adult homeostasis as well as in various injury models are integrated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanisms of Glial Response.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize several glial hallmarks relevant for understanding the brain injury and neuronal damage under TBI conditions, and summarize various interactions between these glial cells and neurons that contribute to the pathophysiology of TBI.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Astrocytes: biology and pathology
TL;DR: Astrocyte functions in healthy CNS, mechanisms and functions of reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation, and ways in which reactive astrocytes may cause or contribute to specific CNS disorders and lesions are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular dissection of reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation.
TL;DR: Developments in the signaling mechanisms that regulate specific aspects of reactive astrogliosis are reviewed and the potential to identify novel therapeutic molecular targets for diverse neurological disorders is highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuronal specification in the spinal cord: inductive signals and transcriptional codes
TL;DR: The mechanisms that specify the identity of neural cells have been examined in many regions of the nervous system and reveal a high degree of conservation in the specification of cell fate by key signalling molecules.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genomic Analysis of Reactive Astrogliosis
Jennifer L. Zamanian,Lijun Xu,Lynette C. Foo,Navid Nouri,Lu Zhou,Rona G. Giffard,Ben A. Barres +6 more
TL;DR: The findings provide transcriptome databases for two subtypes of reactive astrocytes that will be highly useful in generating new and testable hypotheses of their function, as well as for providing new markers to detect different types of reactiveAstrocyte reactive gliosis in human neurological diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Astroglia induce neurogenesis from adult neural stem cells
TL;DR: These findings reinforce the emerging view that astrocytes have an active regulatory role—rather than merely supportive roles traditionally assigned to them—in the mature central nervous system.
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