Ghost condensation and a consistent infrared modification of gravity
Nima Arkani-Hamed,Hsin-Chia Cheng,Markus A. Luty,Markus A. Luty,Markus A. Luty,Shinji Mukohyama +5 more
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TLDR
In this article, the authors proposed a theoretically consistent modification of gravity in the infrared, which is compatible with all current experimental observations and opens up a number of new avenues for attacking cosmological problems, including inflation, dark matter and dark energy.Abstract:
We propose a theoretically consistent modification of gravity in the infrared, which is compatible with all current experimental observations. This is an analog of the Higgs mechanism in general relativity, and can be thought of as arising from ghost condensation — a background where a scalar field has a constant velocity, = M2. The ghost condensate is a new kind of fluid that can fill the universe, which has the same equation of state, ρ = −p, as a cosmological constant, and can hence drive de Sitter expansion of the universe. However, unlike a cosmological constant, it is a physical fluid with a physical scalar excitation, which can be described by a systematic effective field theory at low energies. The excitation has an unusual low-energy dispersion relation ω2 ~ 4/M2. If coupled to matter directly, it gives rise to small Lorentz-violating effects and a new long-range 1/r2 spin dependent force. In the ghost condensate, the energy that gravitates is not the same as the particle physics energy, leading to the possibility of both sources that can gravitate and anti-gravitate. The newtonian potential is modified with an oscillatory behavior starting at the distance scale MPl/M2 and the time scale MPl2/M3. This theory opens up a number of new avenues for attacking cosmological problems, including inflation, dark matter and dark energy.read more
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Modified Gravity and Cosmology
TL;DR: A comprehensive survey of recent work on modified theories of gravity and their cosmological consequences can be found in this article, where the authors provide a reference tool for researchers and students in cosmology and gravitational physics, as well as a selfcontained, comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to the subject as a whole.
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f(R) theories
TL;DR: Various applications of f(R) theories to cosmology and gravity — such as inflation, dark energy, local gravity constraints, cosmological perturbations, and spherically symmetric solutions in weak and strong gravitational backgrounds are reviewed.
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Galileon as a local modification of gravity
TL;DR: In this article, the authors study the connection between self-acceleration and the presence of ghosts for a quite generic class of theories that modify gravity in the infrared, defined as those that at distances shorter than cosmological, reduce to a certain generalization of the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) effective theory.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dark energy cosmology: the equivalent description via different theoretical models and cosmography tests
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of different dark energy cosmologies for different fluids is presented, and their properties are also explored, and special attention is paid to the equivalence of different models.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dark energy cosmology: the equivalent description via different theoretical models and cosmography tests
TL;DR: In this article, a review of different dark energy cosmologies is presented, including the Lambda$CDM cosmology, Little Rip and Pseudo-Rip universes, the phantom and quintessence cosmology with Type I, II, III and IV finite-time future singularities and non-singular dark energy universes.
References
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