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Global patterns of land-atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide, latent heat, and sensible heat derived from eddy covariance, satellite, and meteorological observations
Jonathan G. Martin,Markus Reichstein +1 more
- Vol. 2012
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Abstract:
We upscaled FLUXNET observations of carbon dioxide, water, and energy fluxes to the global scale using the machine learning technique, model tree ensembles (MTE). We trained MTE to predict site-level gross primary productivity (GPP), terrestrial ecosystem respiration (TER), net ecosystem exchange (NEE), latent energy (LE), and sensible heat (H) based on remote sensing indices, climate and meteorological data, and information on land use. We applied the trained MTEs to generate global flux fields at a 0.5 degrees x 0.5 degrees spatial resolution and a monthly temporal resolution from 1982 to 2008. Cross-validation analyses revealed good performance of MTE in predicting among-site flux variability with modeling efficiencies (MEf) between 0.64 and 0.84, except for NEE (MEf = 0.32). Performance was also good for predicting seasonal patterns (MEf between 0.84 and 0.89, except for NEE (0.64)). By comparison, predictions of monthly anomalies were not as strong (MEf between 0.29 and 0.52). Improved accounting of disturbance and lagged environmental effects, along with improved characterization of errors in the training data set, would contribute most to further reducing uncertainties. Our global estimates of LE (158 +/- 7 J x 10(18) yr(-1)), H (164 +/- 15 J x 10(18) yr(-1)), and GPP (119 +/- 6 Pg C yr(-1)) were similar to independent estimates. Our global TER estimate (96 +/- 6 Pg C yr(-1)) was likely underestimated by 5-10%. Hot spot regions of interannual variability in carbon fluxes occurred in semiarid to semihumid regions and were controlled by moisture supply. Overall, GPP was more important to interannual variability in NEE than TER. Our empirically derived fluxes may be used for calibration and evaluation of land surface process models and for exploratory and diagnostic assessments of the biosphere.read more
Citations
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Enhanced peak growth of global vegetation and its key mechanisms.
Kun Huang,Jianyang Xia,Ying-Ping Wang,Ying-Ping Wang,Anders Ahlström,Anders Ahlström,Jiquan Chen,Robert B. Cook,Erqian Cui,Yuanyuan Fang,Joshua B. Fisher,Deborah N. Huntzinger,Zhao Li,Anna M. Michalak,Yang Qiao,Kevin Schaefer,Christopher R. Schwalm,Jing Wang,Yaxing Wei,Xiaoni Xu,Liming Yan,Chenyu Bian,Yiqi Luo +22 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the peak in the growth of global vegetation has been linearly increasing during the past three decades, with similar proportions of NDVI variation attributable to expanding croplands, rising CO2 and intensifying nitrogen deposition.
Journal ArticleDOI
Agricultural Green Revolution as a driver of increasing atmospheric CO2 seasonal amplitude
Ning Zeng,Fang Zhao,G. J. Collatz,Eugenia Kalnay,Ross J. Salawitch,Tristram O. West,Luis Guanter +6 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that the intensification of agriculture (the Green Revolution, in which much greater crop yield per unit area was achieved by hybridization, irrigation and fertilization) during the past five decades is a driver of changes in the seasonal characteristics of the global carbon cycle.
Journal ArticleDOI
Variations in atmospheric CO2 growth rates coupled with tropical temperature
Weile Wang,Philippe Ciais,Ramakrishna R. Nemani,Josep G. Canadell,Shilong Piao,Shilong Piao,Stephen Sitch,Michael T. White,Hirofumi Hashimoto,Hirofumi Hashimoto,Cristina Milesi,Cristina Milesi,Ranga B. Myneni +12 more
TL;DR: The relationship between temperature–CO2 coupling and El Niño–Southern Oscillation is robust during the past 50 y and shows full recovery within a few years after any such major variability event, providing an important diagnostic tool for improved understanding of the contemporary and future global carbon cycle.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plant functional traits and canopy structure control the relationship between photosynthetic CO2 uptake and far-red sun-induced fluorescence in a Mediterranean grassland under different nutrient availability
Mirco Migliavacca,Oscar Perez-Priego,Micol Rossini,Tarek S. El-Madany,Gerardo Moreno,Christiaan van der Tol,Uwe Rascher,Anna Berninger,Verena Bessenbacher,Andreas Burkart,Arnaud Carrara,Francesco Fava,Jin-Hong Guan,Jin-Hong Guan,Tiana W. Hammer,Kathrin Henkel,Enrique Juarez‐Alcalde,Tommaso Julitta,Olaf Kolle,M. Pilar Martín,Talie Musavi,Javier Pacheco-Labrador,Andrea Pérez‐Burgueño,Thomas Wutzler,Sönke Zaehle,Markus Reichstein +25 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that the addition of nutrients imposed a change in the abundance of different plant forms and biochemistry of the canopy that controls F760, and changes in canopy structure mainly control the GPP-F760 relationship.
Journal ArticleDOI
LPJmL4 – a dynamic global vegetation model with managed land – Part 1: Model description
Sibyll Schaphoff,Werner von Bloh,Anja Rammig,Kirsten Thonicke,Hester Biemans,Matthias Forkel,Dieter Gerten,Dieter Gerten,Jens Heinke,Jonas Jägermeyr,Jürgen Knauer,Fanny Langerwisch,Wolfgang Lucht,Wolfgang Lucht,Christoph Müller,Susanne Rolinski,Katharina Waha,Katharina Waha +17 more
TL;DR: The Dynamic Global Vegetation Model with managed land (LPJmL4) as discussed by the authors is the most recent version of the LPJmL model and has been used extensively in the field of permafrost, human and ecological water demand, and improved representation of crop types.
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