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H2S Signals Through Protein S-Sulfhydration

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TLDR
Ex vivo endogenous H2S physiologically modifies cysteine residues in many proteins, including glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and actin, converting Cysteine -SH groups to -SSH groups in a process the authors call S-sulfhydration.
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a messenger molecule generated by cystathionine gamma-lyase, acts as a physiologic vasorelaxant. Mechanisms whereby H2S signals have been elusive. We now show that H2S physiologically modifies cysteines in a large number of proteins by S-sulfhydration. About 10 to 25% of many liver proteins, including actin, tubulin, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), are sulfhydrated under physiological conditions. Sulfhydration augments GAPDH activity and enhances actin polymerization. Sulfhydration thus appears to be a physiologic posttranslational modification for proteins.

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Citations
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Hydrogen sulfide mediates ion fluxes inducing stomatal closure in response to drought stress in Arabidopsis thaliana

TL;DR: In this paper, the fluxes of H+, Ca2+, K+ and Cl− in guard cells of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and the mutants associated with H2S production were detected using a non-invasive micro-test technique.
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Hydrogen peroxide is involved in hydrogen sulfide-induced lateral root formation in tomato seedlings

TL;DR: An important role is suggested of RBOH1-mediated H2O2 in H2S-elicited tomato lateral root development, and corresponding H 2S-target proteins regulated at transcriptional and post-translational levels.
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Hydrogen sulfide toxicity inhibits primary root growth through the ROS-NO pathway.

TL;DR: It was demonstrated that exogenous H2S repressed the distribution of auxin and reduced the meristematic cell division potential in root tips, and NO was involved in this process.
Journal ArticleDOI

Thiosulfate Mediates Cytoprotective Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide Against Neuronal Ischemia

TL;DR: It is discovered that an SLC13 family protein, sodium sulfate cotransporter 2 (SLC13A4, NaS‐2), facilitates transport of thiosulfate, but not sulfide, across the cell membrane, regulating intracellular concentrations and thus mediating cytoprotective effects of Na2S and STS.
Journal ArticleDOI

A Persulfide Donor Responsive to Reactive Oxygen Species: Insights into Reactivity and Therapeutic Potential.

TL;DR: It is reported here is the synthesis and characterization of a ROS-responsive (ROS=reactive oxygen species), self-immolative persulfide donor, termed BDP-NAC, which mitigated the effects of a highly oxidative environment in a dose-dependent manner over relevant controls and to a greater degree than common H2 S donors sodium sulfide (Na2 S) and GYY4137.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

H2S as a Physiologic Vasorelaxant: Hypertension in Mice with Deletion of Cystathionine γ-Lyase

TL;DR: It is shown that H2S is physiologically generated by cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and that genetic deletion of this enzyme in mice markedly reduces H 2S levels in the serum, heart, aorta, and other tissues.
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Protein S-nitrosylation: purview and parameters.

TL;DR: S-nitrosylation conveys a large part of the ubiquitous influence of nitric oxide on cellular signal transduction, and provides a mechanism for redox-based physiological regulation.
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The vasorelaxant effect of H2S as a novel endogenous gaseous KATP channel opener

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that H2S is an important endogenous vasoactive factor and the first identified gaseous opener of KATP channels in vascular SMCs and production from vascular tissues was enhanced by nitric oxide.
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Hydrogen sulphide and its therapeutic potential

TL;DR: The physiology and biochemistry of H2S is overviews, the effects of H 2S inhibitors or H2s donors in animal models of disease are summarized, the potential options for the therapeutic exploitation of H1S are outlined and they are outlined.
Journal ArticleDOI

Protein S-nitrosylation: a physiological signal for neuronal nitric oxide.

TL;DR: Protein S-nitrosylation is established as a physiological signalling mechanism for neuronally generated NO in mice harbouring a genomic deletion of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS).
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