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H2S Signals Through Protein S-Sulfhydration

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TLDR
Ex vivo endogenous H2S physiologically modifies cysteine residues in many proteins, including glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and actin, converting Cysteine -SH groups to -SSH groups in a process the authors call S-sulfhydration.
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a messenger molecule generated by cystathionine gamma-lyase, acts as a physiologic vasorelaxant. Mechanisms whereby H2S signals have been elusive. We now show that H2S physiologically modifies cysteines in a large number of proteins by S-sulfhydration. About 10 to 25% of many liver proteins, including actin, tubulin, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), are sulfhydrated under physiological conditions. Sulfhydration augments GAPDH activity and enhances actin polymerization. Sulfhydration thus appears to be a physiologic posttranslational modification for proteins.

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Citations
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A highly responsive and selective fluorescent probe for imaging physiological hydrogen sulfide.

TL;DR: In this article, a highly responsive and selective genetically encoded H2S probe, hsGFP, was developed for the detection of H 2S both in vitro and in living mammalian cells.
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A robust and versatile mass spectrometry platform for comprehensive assessment of the thiol redox metabolome

TL;DR: Using this simplified mass spectrometry-based workflow the thiol redox metabolome can be determined in samples from clinical and translational studies, providing a novel prognostic/diagnostic platform for patient stratification, drug monitoring, and identification of new therapeutic approaches in redox diseases.
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Cytokine-induced GAPDH sulfhydration affects PSD95 degradation and memory.

TL;DR: It is shown that IL-1β-induced memory impairment in brain is mediated by hydrogen sulfide synthesized by cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), which modifies GAPDH essentially via sulfhydration in dendrites, which promotes its binding to the E3 ligase protein, Siah.
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Extreme environments and the origins of biodiversity: Adaptation and speciation in sulphide spring fishes.

TL;DR: Comparative studies among evolutionarily independent lineages within the P. mexicana species complex and, more recently, other members of the family Poeciliidae that have colonized H2S‐rich environments will provide insights into the factors facilitating or impeding convergent evolution, providing tangible links between micro‐evolutionary processes and macro‐ev evolutionary patterns.
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Hydrogen sulfide regulates the activity of antioxidant enzymes through persulfidation and improves the resistance of tomato seedling to Copper Oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs)-induced oxidative stress

TL;DR: It is shown that H2S-mediated persulfidation of antioxidase is essential for an effective stress response of tomato exposed to CuO NPs, and posttranslationally regulates the activities of CAT, APX and POD, thereby enhancing the plant's response to oxidative stress.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

H2S as a Physiologic Vasorelaxant: Hypertension in Mice with Deletion of Cystathionine γ-Lyase

TL;DR: It is shown that H2S is physiologically generated by cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and that genetic deletion of this enzyme in mice markedly reduces H 2S levels in the serum, heart, aorta, and other tissues.
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Protein S-nitrosylation: purview and parameters.

TL;DR: S-nitrosylation conveys a large part of the ubiquitous influence of nitric oxide on cellular signal transduction, and provides a mechanism for redox-based physiological regulation.
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The vasorelaxant effect of H2S as a novel endogenous gaseous KATP channel opener

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that H2S is an important endogenous vasoactive factor and the first identified gaseous opener of KATP channels in vascular SMCs and production from vascular tissues was enhanced by nitric oxide.
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Hydrogen sulphide and its therapeutic potential

TL;DR: The physiology and biochemistry of H2S is overviews, the effects of H 2S inhibitors or H2s donors in animal models of disease are summarized, the potential options for the therapeutic exploitation of H1S are outlined and they are outlined.
Journal ArticleDOI

Protein S-nitrosylation: a physiological signal for neuronal nitric oxide.

TL;DR: Protein S-nitrosylation is established as a physiological signalling mechanism for neuronally generated NO in mice harbouring a genomic deletion of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS).
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