High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Four prospective American studies.
David Gordon,Jeffrey L. Probstfield,Robert J. Garrison,James D. Neaton,William P. Castelli,J. D. Knoke,David R. Jacobs,Shrikant I. Bangdiwala,H. A. Tyroler +8 more
TLDR
A consistent inverse relation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and coronary heart disease event rates was apparent in BRHS as well as in the four American studies.Abstract:
The British Regional Heart Study (BRHS) reported in 1986 that much of the inverse relation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and incidence of coronary heart disease was eliminated by covariance adjustment. Using the proportional hazards model and adjusting for age, blood pressure, smoking, body mass index, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, we analyzed this relation separately in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS), Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Mortality Follow-up Study (LRCF) and Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (CPPT), and Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). In CPPT and MRFIT (both randomized trials in middle-age high-risk men), only the control groups were analyzed. A 1-mg/dl (0.026 mM) increment in HDLC was associated with a significant coronary heart disease risk decrement of 2% in men (FHS, CPPT, and MRFIT) and 3% in women (FHS). In LRCF, where only fatal outcomes were documented, a 1-mg/dl increment in HDLC was associated with significant 3.7% (men) and 4.7% (women) decrements in cardiovascular disease mortality rates. The 95% confidence intervals for these decrements in coronary heart and cardiovascular disease risk in the four studies overlapped considerably, and all contained the range 1.9-2.9%. HDLC levels were essentially unrelated to non-cardiovascular disease mortality. When differences in analytic methodology were eliminated, a consistent inverse relation of HDLC levels and coronary heart disease event rates was apparent in BRHS as well as in the four American studies.read more
Citations
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The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndromes (1).
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1999 world health organization-international society of hypertension guidelines for the management of hypertension
Michael H. Alderman,K. Arakawa,L. Beilin,John Chalmers,S. Erdine,M. Fujishima,P. Hamet,L. Hannson,Lewis Landsberg,F. Leenen,L. Lindholm,L. Lisheng,A. F B Mabadeje,S. MacMahon,G. Mancia,I. Martin,A. Mimran,K. H. Rahn,A. Ribeiro,P. Sleight,J. Whitworth,Alberto Zanchetti,Bruce Neal,Anthony Rodgers,C. N. Mhurchu,T. Clark +25 more
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Effects of Torcetrapib in Patients at High Risk for Coronary Events
Philip J. Barter,Mark J. Caulfield,Mats Eriksson,Scott M. Grundy,John J.P. Kastelein,Michel Komajda,Jose Lopez-Sendon,Lori Mosca,Jean-Claude Tardif,David D. Waters,Charles L. Shear,James H. Revkin,Kevin A. Buhr,Marian R. Fisher,Alan R. Tall,Bryan Brewer +15 more
TL;DR: Although there was evidence of an off-target effect of torcetrapib, it cannot rule out adverse effects related to CETP inhibition, and the trial was terminated prematurely because of an increased risk of death and cardiac events.
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Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Quantitative Predictor of All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in Healthy Men and Women: A Meta-analysis
Satoru Kodama,Kazumi Saito,Shiro Tanaka,Miho Maki,Yoko Yachi,Mihoko Asumi,Ayumi Sugawara,Kumiko Totsuka,Hitoshi Shimano,Yasuo Ohashi,Nobuhiro Yamada,Hirohito Sone +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, a systematic literature search was conducted for observational cohort studies using MEDLINE (1966 to December 31, 2008) and EMBASE (1980 to December 30, 2008), which reported associations of baseline cardiorespiratory fitness with CHD events, CVD events, or all-cause mortality in healthy participants.
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Effects of Estrogen or Estrogen/ Progestin Regimens on Heart Disease Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Women: The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial
Valery T. Miller,John C. LaRosa,Vanessa M. Barnabei,Craig M. Kessler,Ginny Levin,Ann Smith-Roth,Margaret Griffin,Diane B. Stoy,Trudy L. Bush,Howard A. Zacur,David A. Foster,Jean Anderson,Alice McKenzie,Susan C. Miller,Peter D. Wood,Marcia L. Stefanick,Robert Marcus,Allison Akana,W. Leroy Heinrichs,Charlene Kirchner,Katherine A. O'Hanlan,Melissa Ruyle,Mary A. Sheehan,Howard L. Judd,Gail A. Greendale,Richard Bayalos,Kathy Lozano,Kathy Kawakami,Elizabeth Barrett-Connor,Robert Langer,Donna Kritz-Silverstein,Mary Lou Carrion-Petersen,Carmela Cavero,Helmut G. Schrott,Susan R. Johnson,Deborah A. Feddersen,Denise L. Krutzfeldt,Jo Ann Benda,Carl J. Pauerstein,Jose Trabal,Robert S. Schenken,Michael P. Stern,Mercedes Rodriguez-Sifuentes,Carann Easton,H B Wells,Mark A. Espeland,George Howard,Robert Byington,Claudine Legault,Sally A. Shumaker,Patricia E. Hogan,Don Hire,Carol Wasilauskas,Margaret K. James,Kathy Lane,Tim Terrell,Stephanie Reece,June J Pierce,Mary Snow,Susan Anthony,Irma Mebane-Sims,Paula T. Einhorn,Sally Hunsberger,Myron A. Waclawiw,Ken Lippel,Diane L. Lucas,Joel Verter,Sherry Jackson,Joseph Kelaghan,Jeffrey M. Perlman,Pam Wolf,Joan McGowan,Stephen Gordon,Stephen Heyse,Judith E. Fradkin,Sherry Sherman,Lot B. Page,Ann Sorenson,Barbara S. Hulka,Baruch A. Brody,Ronald T. Burkman,Robert P. Heaney,Ronald M. Krauss,Harold Roberts,Janet Wittes,Lawrence Riggs,Richard Moss,John J. Albers,Santica M. Marcovina,S. Edwin Fineberg,Russell P. Tracy,Maria J. Merino,Robert E. Scully,Virginia A. LiVolsi,Gerald Kessler +94 more
TL;DR: Estrogen alone or in combination with a progestin improves lipoproteins and lowers fibrinogen levels without detectable effects on postchallenge insulin or blood pressure and in women with a uterus, CEE with cyclic MP has the most favorable effect on HDL-C and no excess risk of endometrial hyperplasia.
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