Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrated silicate minerals on Mars observed by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter CRISM instrument
John F. Mustard,Scott L. Murchie,S. M. Pelkey,Bethany L. Ehlmann,Ralph E. Milliken,John A. Grant,Jean-Pierre Bibring,François Poulet,Janice L. Bishop,E. Z. Noe Dobrea,Leah H. Roach,Frank P. Seelos,Raymond E. Arvidson,Sandra M. Wiseman,Robert O. Green,Christopher D. Hash,David C. Humm,Erick Malaret,J. A. McGovern,Kimberly D. Seelos,Thomas E. Clancy,Roger N. Clark,David J. Des Marais,Noam R. Izenberg,A. T. Knudson,Yves Langevin,Terry Z. Martin,Patrick C. McGuire,Renée Morris,Mark S. Robinson,Ted L. Roush,M. D. Smith,Gregg A. Swayze,H. W. Taylor,Timothy N. Titus,M. J. Wolff +35 more
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The diversity of phyllosilicate mineralogy is expanded with the identification of kaolinite, chlorite and illite or muscovite, and a new class of hydrated silicate (hydrated silica).Abstract:
Phyllosilicates, a class of hydrous mineral first definitively identified on Mars by the OMEGA (Observatoire pour la Mineralogie, L'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activitie) instrument, preserve a record of the interaction of water with rocks on Mars. Global mapping showed that phyllosilicates are widespread but are apparently restricted to ancient terrains and a relatively narrow range of mineralogy (Fe/Mg and Al smectite clays). This was interpreted to indicate that phyllosilicate formation occurred during the Noachian (the earliest geological era of Mars), and that the conditions necessary for phyllosilicate formation (moderate to high pH and high water activity) were specific to surface environments during the earliest era of Mars's history. Here we report results from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) of phyllosilicate-rich regions. We expand the diversity of phyllosilicate mineralogy with the identification of kaolinite, chlorite and illite or muscovite, and a new class of hydrated silicate (hydrated silica). We observe diverse Fe/Mg-OH phyllosilicates and find that smectites such as nontronite and saponite are the most common, but chlorites are also present in some locations. Stratigraphic relationships in the Nili Fossae region show olivine-rich materials overlying phyllosilicate-bearing units, indicating the cessation of aqueous alteration before emplacement of the olivine-bearing unit. Hundreds of detections of Fe/Mg phyllosilicate in rims, ejecta and central peaks of craters in the southern highland Noachian cratered terrain indicate excavation of altered crust from depth. We also find phyllosilicate in sedimentary deposits clearly laid by water. These results point to a rich diversity of Noachian environments conducive to habitability.read more
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A review of biomass burning: Emissions and impacts on air quality, health and climate in China
Jianmin Chen,Jianmin Chen,Chunlin Li,Zoran Ristovski,Andelija Milic,YuanTong Gu,Mohammad S. Islam,Shuxiao Wang,Jiming Hao,Hefeng Zhang,Congrong He,Hai Guo,Hongbo Fu,Branka Miljevic,Lidia Morawska,Phong K. Thai,Yun Fat Lam,Gavin Pereira,Aijun Ding,Xin Huang,Umesh Chandra Dumka +20 more
TL;DR: The aim of this work was to comprehensively review most of the studies published on this topic in China, including literature concerning field measurements, laboratory studies and the impacts of BB indoors and outdoors in China to provide a basis for formulation of policies and regulations by policy makers in China.
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Multi- and hyperspectral geologic remote sensing: A review
Freek D. van der Meer,Harald van der Werff,Frank J.A. van Ruitenbeek,C.A. Hecker,Wim Bakker,M. Noomen,Mark van der Meijde,E. John M. Carranza,J. Boudewijn de Smeth,Tsehaie Woldai +9 more
TL;DR: A review of multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing data, products and applications in geology shows a unique opportunity to develop standardized protocols leading to validated and reproducible products from satellite remote sensing for the geology community.
Multi - and hyperspectral geologic remote sensing : a review
F.D. van der Meer,H.M.A. van der Werff,F.J.A. van Ruitenbeek,Christoph Hecker,Wim Bakker,M. Noomen,M. van der Meijde,Emmanuel John M. Carranza,J.B. de Smeth,Tsehaie Woldai +9 more
TL;DR: A review of multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing data, products and applications in geology can be found in this paper, where the authors provide an overview of the main threats for geologic remote sensing lies in the lack of data continuity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Subsurface water and clay mineral formation during the early history of Mars
Bethany L. Ehlmann,John F. Mustard,Scott L. Murchie,Jean-Pierre Bibring,Alain Meunier,Abigail A. Fraeman,Yves Langevin +6 more
TL;DR: Clay minerals, recently discovered to be widespread in Mars’s Noachian terrains, indicate long-duration interaction between water and rock over 3.7 billion years ago, and available data indicate substantial Martian clay formation by hydrothermal groundwater circulation and a Noachia rock record dominated by evidence of subsurface waters.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mars Science Laboratory Mission and Science Investigation
John P. Grotzinger,Joy A. Crisp,Ashwin R. Vasavada,Robert C. Anderson,Charles J. Baker,Robert Barry,David F. Blake,Pamela G. Conrad,Kenneth S. Edgett,Bobak Ferdowski,Ralf Gellert,John B. Gilbert,Matthew P. Golombek,Javier Gómez-Elvira,Donald M. Hassler,Louise Jandura,Maxim Litvak,Paul R. Mahaffy,Justin N. Maki,M. A. Meyer,Michael C. Malin,I. G. Mitrofanov,John J. Simmonds,David T. Vaniman,Richard V. Welch,Roger C. Wiens +25 more
TL;DR: The Curiosity rover has a designed lifetime of at least one Mars year (∼23 months) and drive capability of up to 20 km as discussed by the authors, and is a scaled version of the Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) Spirit and Opportunity and the Mars Pathfinder Sojourner.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE)
Alfred S. McEwen,Eric M. Eliason,James W. Bergstrom,Nathan T. Bridges,Candice Hansen,W. Alan Delamere,John A. Grant,Virginia C. Gulick,Kenneth E. Herkenhoff,Laszlo P. Keszthelyi,Randolph L. Kirk,Michael T. Mellon,Steven W. Squyres,Nicolas Thomas,Catherine M. Weitz +14 more
TL;DR: The HiRISE camera as mentioned in this paper provides detailed images (0.25 to 1.3 m/pixel) covering ∼1% of the Martian surface during the 2-year Primary Science Phase (PSP) beginning November 2006.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global Mineralogical and Aqueous Mars History Derived from OMEGA/Mars Express Data
Jean-Pierre Bibring,Yves Langevin,John F. Mustard,François Poulet,R. E. Arvidson,Aline Gendrin,Brigitte Gondet,Nicolas Mangold,Patrick Pinet,François Forget,Michel Berthé,Cécile Gomez,D. Jouglet,A. Soufflot,Mathieu Vincendon,M. Combes,Pierre Drossart,Thérèse Encrenaz,Thierry Fouchet,Riccardo Merchiorri,GianCarlo Belluci,Francesca Altieri,Vittorio Formisano,Fabricio Capaccioni,P. Cerroni,Angioletta Coradini,Sergio Fonti,Oleg Korablev,V. Kottsov,Nikolai Ignatiev,V. I. Moroz,D.V. Titov,L. V. Zasova,Damien Loiseau,Patrick Pinet,Sylvain Douté,Bernard Schmitt,Christophe Sotin,Ernst Hauber,Harald Hoffmann,Ralf Jaumann,U. Keller,Raymond E. Arvidson,Tom Duxbury,François Forget,G. Neukum +45 more
TL;DR: Global mineralogical mapping of Mars by the Observatoire pour la Mineralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activite (OMEGA) instrument on the European Space Agency's Mars Express spacecraft provides new information on Mars' geological and climatic history.
Journal ArticleDOI
High spectral resolution reflectance spectroscopy of minerals
TL;DR: In this article, the reflectance spectra of minerals are studied as a function of spectral resolution in the range from 0.2 to 3.0 microns, and selected absorption bands were studied at resolving powers as high as 2240.
Journal ArticleDOI
Context Camera Investigation on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
Michael C. Malin,James F. Bell,Bruce A. Cantor,Michael Caplinger,Wendy M. Calvin,R. Todd Clancy,Kenneth S. Edgett,Lawrence Edwards,Robert M. Haberle,P. B. James,Steven W. Lee,Michael A. Ravine,Peter C. Thomas,Michael J. Wolff +13 more
TL;DR: The Context Camera (CTX) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) is a Facility Instrument (i.e., government-furnished equipment operated by a science team not responsible for design and fabrication) designed, built, and operated by Malin Space Science Systems and the MRO Mars Color Imager team (MARCI) as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
Scott L. Murchie,Raymond E. Arvidson,Peter D. Bedini,K. Beisser,Jean-Pierre Bibring,Janice L. Bishop,John D. Boldt,P. Cavender,T. Choo,R. T. Clancy,E. H. Darlington,David J. Des Marais,R. C. Espiritu,D. Fort,Robert O. Green,Edward A. Guinness,John Hayes,Christopher D. Hash,K. J. Heffernan,J. Hemmler,Gene A. Heyler,David C. Humm,J. Hutcheson,Noam R. Izenberg,R. Lee,J. Lees,D. A. Lohr,Erick Malaret,Terry Z. Martin,J. A. McGovern,Patrick C. McGuire,Richard V. Morris,John F. Mustard,Shannon M. Pelkey,Edgar A. Rhodes,Mark S. Robinson,Ted L. Roush,Edward D. Schaefer,G. Seagrave,Frank P. Seelos,P. Silverglate,S. Slavney,M. D. Smith,W. J. Shyong,K. Strohbehn,H. W. Taylor,P. Thompson,B. Tossman,M. Wirzburger,M. J. Wolff +49 more
TL;DR: The Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) is a hyperspectral imager on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft as discussed by the authors, which consists of three subassemblies, a gimbaled Optical Sensor Unit (OSU), a Data Processing Unit (DPU), and the Gimbal Motor Electronics (GME).
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