Journal ArticleDOI
Hyperlocomotion and indifference to cocaine and amphetamine in mice lacking the dopamine transporter
TLDR
In homozygote mice, dopamine persists at least 100 times longer in the extracellular space, explaining the biochemical basis of the hyperdopaminergic phenotype and demonstrating the critical role of the transporter in regulating neurotransmission.Abstract:
Disruption of the mouse dopamine transporter gene results in spontaneous hyperlocomotion despite major adaptive changes, such as decreases in neurotransmitter and receptor levels. In homozygote mice, dopamine persists at least 100 times longer in the extracellular space, explaining the biochemical basis of the hyperdopaminergic phenotype and demonstrating the critical role of the transporter in regulating neurotransmission. The dopamine transporter is an obligatory target of cocaine and amphetamine, as these psychostimulants have no effect on locomotor activity or dopamine release and uptake in mice lacking the transporter.read more
Citations
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Parkinson's disease: Mechanisms and models
TL;DR: PD models based on the manipulation of PD genes should prove valuable in elucidating important aspects of the disease, such as selective vulnerability of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons to the degenerative process.
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Predictive Reward Signal of Dopamine Neurons
TL;DR: Dopamine systems may have two functions, the phasic transmission of reward information and the tonic enabling of postsynaptic neurons.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dopamine Receptors: From Structure to Function
TL;DR: Target deletion of several of these dopamine receptor genes in mice should provide valuable information about their physiological functions and provide unequivocal evidence for the involvement of one of these receptors in the etiology of various central nervous system disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Getting Formal with Dopamine and Reward
TL;DR: Recent neurophysiological studies reveal that neurons in certain brain structures carry specific signals about past and future rewards, and the optimal use of rewards in voluntary behavior would benefit from interactions between the signals.
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Actions of Caffeine in the Brain with Special Reference to Factors That Contribute to Its Widespread Use
TL;DR: Caffeine is the most widely consumed behaviorally active substance in the world and almost all caffeine comes from dietary sources (beverages and food).
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Drugs abused by humans preferentially increase synaptic dopamine concentrations in the mesolimbic system of freely moving rats.
G. Di Chiara,Assunta Imperato +1 more
TL;DR: The effect of various drugs on the extracellular concentration of dopamine in two terminal dopaminergic areas, the nucleus accumbens septi (a limbic area) and the dorsal caudate nucleus (a subcortical motor area), was studied in freely moving rats by using brain dialysis as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cocaine receptors on dopamine transporters are related to self-administration of cocaine
TL;DR: It is shown here that the potencies of cocaine-like drugs in self-administration studies correlate with their potencies in inhibiting [3H]mazindol binding to the dopamine transporters in the rat striatum, but not with theirPotencies in binding to a large number of other presynaptic and postsynaptic binding sites.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of drug dependence.
George F. Koob,Floyd E. Bloom +1 more
TL;DR: The molecular and cellular actions of three classes of abused drugs--opiates, psychostimulants, and ethanol--are reviewed in the context of behavioral studies of drug dependence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Amphetamine and apomorphine responses in the rat following 6-OHDA lesions of the nucleus accumbens septi and corpus striatum.
TL;DR: Recovery of behavioural effects correlated with an increase in the remaining levels of DA in the NAS, and there is evidence that remaining DA levels in theNAS are greater at 90 than at 14 days postoperatively.
Journal ArticleDOI
[Distribution of noradrenaline and dopamine (3-hydroxytyramine) in the human brain and their behavior in diseases of the extrapyramidal system].
H. Ehringer,Oleh Hornykiewicz +1 more
TL;DR: The distribution of noradrenaline and dopamine in human adult and newborn brains has been investigated in this paper, where the greatest amounts of dopamine were found in the hypothalamus, the central gray matter of the mesencephalon, the reticular formation and in the area postrema.