Journal ArticleDOI
In vivo determination of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor availability in schizophrenia.
Thomas J Raedler,Michael B. Knable,Michael B. Knable,Michael B. Knable,Douglas W. Jones,Douglas W. Jones,Douglas W. Jones,Richard A Urbina,Richard A Urbina,Richard A Urbina,Julia G. Gorey,Julia G. Gorey,Julia G. Gorey,Kan S. Lee,Kan S. Lee,Kan S. Lee,Michael F. Egan,Michael F. Egan,Michael F. Egan,Richard Coppola,Richard Coppola,Richard Coppola,Daniel R. Weinberger,Daniel R. Weinberger,Daniel R. Weinberger +24 more
TLDR
Results indicate a reduction in muscarinic acetylcholine receptor availability in vivo in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia, confirming results from postmortem studies and adding further evidence that the muscaric system is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: Postmortem studies have implicated the central muscarinic acetylcholine system in schizophrenia. However, central muscarinic receptor availability has not previously been studied in vivo. Using [I-123]iodoquinuclidinyl benzilate ([123I]IQNB) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), the authors sought to compare the muscarinic receptor availability in vivo in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia and normal subjects. METHOD: Twelve medication-free patients with schizophrenia underwent an [123I]IQNB SPECT scan during approximate-equilibrium conditions. A group of 10 age- and gender-matched normal comparison subjects were given the same kind of scan under similar conditions. Regions of interest were analyzed in the cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, and pons. Binding data were analyzed as nCi/ml tissue per mCi injected dose. RESULTS: Muscarinic receptor availability was significantly less in patients with schizophrenia than in normal subjects in all regions of interest except the pons. ...read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
More attention must be paid: the neurobiology of attentional effort.
TL;DR: The definition of attentional effort as a cognitive incentive, and the description of a neuronal circuitry model that integrates brain systems involved in performance monitoring, the processing of incentives, activation of attention systems and modulation of input functions, suggest that 'attentional effort' represents a viable construct for cognitive neuroscience research.
Journal ArticleDOI
Why people see things that are not there: A novel perception and attention deficit model for recurrent complex visual hallucinations
TL;DR: A novel Perception and Attention Deficit (PAD) model for RCVH is proposed, suggesting that a combination of impaired attentional binding and poor sensory activation of a correct proto-object, in conjunction with a relatively intact scene representation, allows the intrusion of a hallucinatory proto- object into a scene perception.
Journal ArticleDOI
Glutamate and dopamine dysregulation in schizophrenia--a synthesis and selective review.
TL;DR: The case for glutamatergic excitotoxicity as a key process in the development and progression of schizophrenia is considered, and ways in which glutamate and dopamine dysregulation may interact in the condition are suggested.
Journal ArticleDOI
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors as CNS drug targets
TL;DR: Recent progress made in mAChR drug discovery for Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease is reviewed, with particular emphasis on novel target validation, as well as highlighting novel indications such as drug addiction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Choline transporters, cholinergic transmission and cognition.
Martin Sarter,Vinay Parikh +1 more
TL;DR: The capacity of the high-affinity choline uptake transporter (CHT) to import choline from the extracellular space to presynaptic terminals is essential for normal acetylcholine synthesis and therefore cholinergic transmission.
References
More filters
Book
Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain : 3-dimensional proportional system : an approach to cerebral imaging
TL;DR: Direct and Indirect Radiologic Localization Reference System: Basal Brain Line CA-CP Cerebral Structures in Three-Dimensional Space Practical Examples for the Use of the Atlas in Neuroradiologic Examinations Three- Dimensional Atlas of a Human Brain Nomenclature-Abbreviations Anatomic Index Conclusions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Single photon emission computerized tomography imaging of amphetamine-induced dopamine release in drug-free schizophrenic subjects
Marc Laruelle,Anissa Abi-Dargham,C H van Dyck,Roberto Gil,Cyril D'Souza,Joseph Erdos,Elinore McCance,W Rosenblatt,Christine L Fingado,Sami S. Zoghbi,R. M. Baldwin,John Seibyl,John H. Krystal,Dennis S. Charney,Robert B. Innis +14 more
TL;DR: In the schizophrenic group, elevated amphetamine effect on [123I]IBZM binding potential was associated with emergence or worsening of positive psychotic symptoms, suggesting that psychotic symptoms elicited in this experimental setting in schizophrenia patients are associated with exaggerated stimulation of dopaminergic transmission.
Journal ArticleDOI
Schizophrenia is associated with elevated amphetamine-induced synaptic dopamine concentrations: Evidence from a novel positron emission tomography method
Alan Breier,T.-P. Su,Richard C. Saunders,Richard E. Carson,Bhaskar Kolachana,A. De Bartolomeis,Daniel R. Weinberger,Neil I. Weisenfeld,Anil K. Malhotra,William C. Eckelman,David Pickar +10 more
TL;DR: In the clinical study, patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy volunteers had significantly greater amphetamine-related reductions in [11C]raclopride specific binding, providing direct evidence for the hypothesis of elevated Amphetamine-induced synaptic dopamine concentrations in schizophrenia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Increased baseline occupancy of D2 receptors by dopamine in schizophrenia.
Anissa Abi-Dargham,Janine Rodenhiser,David Printz,Yolanda Zea-Ponce,Roberto Gil,Lawrence S. Kegeles,Richard L. Weiss,Thomas B. Cooper,J. John Mann,Ronald L. Van Heertum,Jack M. Gorman,Marc Laruelle +11 more
TL;DR: Elevated synaptic dopamine was predictive of good treatment response of positive symptoms to antipsychotic drugs and increased stimulation of D(2) receptors by dopamine in schizophrenia, consistent with increased phasic activity of dopaminergic neurons.
Journal ArticleDOI
The current status of the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia.
TL;DR: A hypothetical model is presented that tries to explain the role of subcortical dopaminergic pathways for mental functions and their interaction with other systems and it is proposed that corticostriatothalamocortical negative feedback loops are modulated by mesostriatal dopamine pathways to control a thalamic filter mechanism.