Journal ArticleDOI
Selective Muscarinic Receptor Agonist Xanomeline as a Novel Treatment Approach for Schizophrenia
Anantha Shekhar,William Z. Potter,Jeffrey Lightfoot,John Lienemann,Sanjay Dubé,Craig H. Mallinckrodt,Frank P. Bymaster,David L. McKinzie,Christian C. Felder +8 more
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TLDR
Results support further investigation of xanomeline as a novel approach to treating schizophrenia and show improvements most robustly in measures of verbal learning and short-term memory function.Abstract:
Objective: There are significant unmet needs in the treatment of schizophrenia, especially for the treatment of cognitive impairment, negative syndrome, and cognitive function. Preclinical data suggest that agonists with selective affinity for acetylcholine muscarinic receptors provide a potentially new mechanism to treat schizophrenia. The authors studied xanomeline, a relatively selective muscarinic type 1 and type 4 (M 1 and M 4 ) receptor agonist, to determine if this agent is effective in the treatment of schizophrenia. Method: In this pilot study, the authors examined the efficacy of xanomeline on clinical outcomes in subjects with schizophrenia (N=20) utilizing a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-week treatment design. Outcome measures included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale, and a test battery designed to measure cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. Results: Su...read more
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A rating scale for drug-induced akathisia
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Allosteric modulators of GPCRs: a novel approach for the treatment of CNS disorders
TL;DR: There have been tremendous advances in the discovery of novel ligands for GPCRs that act at allosteric sites to regulate receptor function that provide high selectivity, novel modes of efficacy and may lead to novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of multiple psychiatric and neurological human disorders.
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The validity of scopolamine as a pharmacological model for cognitive impairment: A review of animal behavioral studies
Inge Klinkenberg,Arjan Blokland +1 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that effects on learning and memory performance which are observed after higher doses of scopolamine are mediated by primary effects on attention and sensory/stimulus discrimination, and non-specific effects on behavior (e.g., locomotor activity, anxiety).
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Pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia: a critical review of the pharmacology and clinical effects of current and future therapeutic agents
TL;DR: An update and critical review of the pharmacology and clinical profiles of current antipsychotic drugs and drugs acting on novel targets with potential to be therapeutic agents in the future is provided.
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Schizophrenia, Dopamine and the Striatum: From Biology to Symptoms
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for Schizophrenia
TL;DR: Review of five studies involving the PANSS provided evidence of its criterion-related validity with antecedent, genealogical, and concurrent measures, its predictive validity, its drug sensitivity, and its utility for both typological and dimensional assessment.
Journal ArticleDOI
A rating scale for extrapyramidal side effects
TL;DR: A modification of an earlier rating scale for extrapyramidal system disturbance is described, and evidence for the validity and reliability of the scale is presented.
Journal Article
A rating scale for drug-induced akathisia
TL;DR: A rating scale for drug-induced akathisia has been derived that incorporates diagnostic criteria for pseudoakathisio, and mild, moderate, and severe akath isia, and there is an item for rating global severity.
Journal ArticleDOI
A rating scale for drug-induced akathisia.
TL;DR: A rating scale for drug-induced akathisia has been derived that incorporates diagnostic criteria for pseudoakathisias, and mild, moderate, and severe AKA as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sensorimotor Gating and Schizophrenia: Human and Animal Model Studies
David L. Braff,Mark A. Geyer +1 more
TL;DR: Human and animal model studies of sensorimotor gating allow investigators to comment on the spatial and temporal mapping of neurons, trait and state deficits, and vulnerability factors in the schizophrenic spectrum of disorders.
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