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Influenza virus hemagglutinin stalk-based antibodies and vaccines.

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TLDR
Broadly protective vaccine candidates based on the epitopes of these antibodies, for example, chimeric and headless hemagglutinin structures, are under development and show promising results in animals models, and could be developed into universal influenza virus vaccines that protect from infection with drifted seasonal as well as novel pandemic influenza virus strains therefore obviating the need for annual vaccination, and enhancing pandemic preparedness.
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This article is published in Current Opinion in Virology.The article was published on 2013-10-01 and is currently open access. It has received 301 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Influenza A virus & H5N1 genetic structure.

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ReviewProspects for broadly protective influenza vaccines

TL;DR: The current approaches to broadly protective vaccines, and the probable hurdles and roadblocks to achieving this goal are outlined.
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Hemagglutinin Structure and Activities

TL;DR: The structures of the 16 genetically and antigenically distinct subtypes of influenza A HA are given in relation to these two functions in virus replication and in connection to recognition of HA by antibodies that neutralize infection.
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Role of Memory B Cells in Hemagglutinin-Specific Antibody Production Following Human Influenza A Virus Infection.

TL;DR: It is suggested that antibodies resulting from preexisting MBC activation are important regulators of anti-HA antibody production and play a role in positive selection of germinal center B cells reactive to novel HA epitopes.
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Sequential Immunization with Universal Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Candidates Protects Ferrets against a High-Dose Heterologous Virus Challenge.

TL;DR: A preclinical study in ferrets of two sets of live attenuated influenza vaccines expressing chimeric hemagglutinin (cHA) showed that prototype universal cHA-based LAIVs are highly promising candidates for further clinical development.
References
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Antibody Recognition of a Highly Conserved Influenza Virus Epitope

TL;DR: TheCR6261 epitope identified here should accelerate the design and implementation of improved vaccines that can elicit CR6261-like antibodies, as well as antibody-based therapies for the treatment of influenza.
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Structural and Functional Bases for Broad-Spectrum Neutralization of Avian and Human Influenza A Viruses

TL;DR: The crystal structure of one such nAb bound to H5 shows that it blocks infection by inserting its heavy chain into a conserved pocket in the stem region, thus preventing membrane fusion, and suggests that nAb-based immunotherapy is a promising strategy for broad-spectrum protection against seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses.
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Rapid cloning of high-affinity human monoclonal antibodies against influenza virus

TL;DR: The panel of influenza-virus-specific human mAbs allowed us to address the issue of original antigenic sin (OAS): the phenomenon where the induced antibody shows higher affinity to a previously encountered influenza virus strain compared with the virus strain present in the vaccine.
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