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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Influenza virus hemagglutinin stalk-based antibodies and vaccines.

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TLDR
Broadly protective vaccine candidates based on the epitopes of these antibodies, for example, chimeric and headless hemagglutinin structures, are under development and show promising results in animals models, and could be developed into universal influenza virus vaccines that protect from infection with drifted seasonal as well as novel pandemic influenza virus strains therefore obviating the need for annual vaccination, and enhancing pandemic preparedness.
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This article is published in Current Opinion in Virology.The article was published on 2013-10-01 and is currently open access. It has received 301 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Influenza A virus & H5N1 genetic structure.

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Citations
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Cryo-electron Microscopy Structures of Chimeric Hemagglutinin Displayed on a Universal Influenza Vaccine Candidate

TL;DR: The first three-dimensional visualization of chimeric hemagglutinin proteins displayed on the surface of the influenza virus is reported, showing that a large range of structural plasticity can be tolerated in the chimeric spike scaffold without disrupting structural and geometric aspects of antibody binding.
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Host Immunological Factors Enhancing Mortality of Young Adults during the 1918 Influenza Pandemic

TL;DR: Multiple mechanisms likely contributed to the increased young adult mortality in 1918 and are the focus of this review.
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Synthetic Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR7 Ligands Work Additively via MyD88 To Induce Protective Antiviral Immunity in Mice.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that several dose combinations of synthetic TLR4 and TLR7 ligands are potent adjuvants for recombinant influenza virus hemagglutinin antigen induction of humoral and cellular immunity against viral challenges.
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Broadly protective anti-hemagglutinin stalk antibodies induced by live attenuated influenza vaccine expressing chimeric hemagglutinin.

TL;DR: The establishment of fully functional cross-protective immunity after two doses of cHA LAIV vaccination in naïve animals suggests that a similar effect might be expected after a single cHALAIV dose in primed individuals, or after two to three doses in naïve children.
References
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Antibody Recognition of a Highly Conserved Influenza Virus Epitope

TL;DR: TheCR6261 epitope identified here should accelerate the design and implementation of improved vaccines that can elicit CR6261-like antibodies, as well as antibody-based therapies for the treatment of influenza.
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Structural and Functional Bases for Broad-Spectrum Neutralization of Avian and Human Influenza A Viruses

TL;DR: The crystal structure of one such nAb bound to H5 shows that it blocks infection by inserting its heavy chain into a conserved pocket in the stem region, thus preventing membrane fusion, and suggests that nAb-based immunotherapy is a promising strategy for broad-spectrum protection against seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses.
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Rapid cloning of high-affinity human monoclonal antibodies against influenza virus

TL;DR: The panel of influenza-virus-specific human mAbs allowed us to address the issue of original antigenic sin (OAS): the phenomenon where the induced antibody shows higher affinity to a previously encountered influenza virus strain compared with the virus strain present in the vaccine.
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