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Interactions in multispecies biofilms: do they actually matter?

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TLDR
The recent focus on complex bacterial communities has led to the recognition of interactions across species boundaries, particularly pronounced in multispecies biofilms, where synergistic interactions impact the bacterial distribution and overall biomass produced.
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This article is published in Trends in Microbiology.The article was published on 2014-02-01. It has received 400 citations till now.

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Biofilms: an emergent form of bacterial life.

TL;DR: The fundamental role of the biofilm matrix is considered, describing how the characteristic features of biofilms — such as social cooperation, resource capture and enhanced survival of exposure to antimicrobials — all rely on the structural and functional properties of the matrix.
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Microbial Surface Colonization and Biofilm Development in Marine Environments

TL;DR: Recent progress in the study of marine microbial surface colonization and biofilm development is synthesized and discussed and questions are posed for targeted investigation of surface-specific community-level microbial features to advance understanding ofsurface-associated microbial community ecology and the biogeochemical functions of these communities.
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Biofilm-associated persistence of food-borne pathogens.

TL;DR: The present review focuses on the principal mechanisms involved in the formation of biofilms of food-borne pathogens, where biofilm behaviour is driven by its three-dimensional heterogeneity and by species interactions within these biostructures, and the authors look at some emergent control strategies.
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Biofilms: The Microbial “Protective Clothing” in Extreme Environments

TL;DR: The fundamental roles of biofilm in protecting microbial exposure to extreme environmental stresses and the regulatory factors involved in biofilm formation are described.
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Intra- and inter-species interactions within biofilms of important foodborne bacterial pathogens.

TL;DR: In this review, up-to-date data on both the intra- and inter-species interactions encountered in biofilms of these pathogens are presented and could lead to novel intervention strategies for controlling pathogenic biofilm formation in food processing environments and thus improve food safety.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The interconnection between biofilm formation and horizontal gene transfer

TL;DR: Current evidence for horizontal gene transfer and biofilm formation are connected processes centred on plasmids and the so-called mafia traits encoded on mobile genetic elements can enforce bacteria to maintain stable social interactions is discussed.
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Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus Form Polymicrobial Biofilms: Effects on Antimicrobial Resistance

TL;DR: Although S. aureus formed poor monoculture biofilms in serum, it formed a substantial polymicrobial biofilm in the presence of C. albicans, and resistance to vancomycin was enhanced within the polymicro microbial biofilm, which required viable C.Albicans matrix, suggesting that S.Aureus may become coated in the matrix secreted by C.albicans.
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Prokaryotic transcriptomics: a new view on regulation, physiology and pathogenicity

TL;DR: Deep RNA sequencing and tiling array studies are now revolutionizing the understanding of the complexity, plasticity and regulation of microbial transcriptomes.
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Nonrandom Distribution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in Chronic Wounds

TL;DR: The distance of the P. aeruginosa aggregates to the wound surface was significantly greater than that of the S. aureus aggregates, suggesting that the distribution of the bacteria in the chronic wounds was nonrandom.
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N-acylhomoserine-lactone-mediated communication between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia in mixed biofilms.

TL;DR: Novel Gfp-based biosensors for non-destructive, in situ detection of AHLs and measurements of extracellular proteolytic activities of defined quorum-sensing mutants grown in media complemented with AHL extracts prepared from culture supernatants of various wild-type and mutant strains supported the view of unidirectional signalling between the two strains.
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