Journal ArticleDOI
Irradiation effects in carbon nanostructures
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TLDR
In this article, a review of the basic mechanisms of radiation effects in solids with particular emphasis on atom displacements by knock-on collisions is discussed. But the main part of this review deals with alterations of carbon nanostructures by the electron beam in an electron microscope.Abstract:
The paper reviews the principles of interaction of energetic particles with solid carbon and carbon nanostructures. The reader is first introduced to the basic mechanisms of radiation effects in solids with particular emphasis on atom displacements by knock-on collisions. The influence of various parameters on the displacement cross sections of carbon atoms is discussed. The types of irradiation-induced defects and their migration are described as well as ordering phenomena which are observable under the non-equilibrium conditions of irradiation. The main part of this review deals with alterations of carbon nanostructures by the electron beam in an electron microscope. This type of experiment is of paramount importance because it allows in situ observation of dynamic processes on an atomic scale. In the second part, radiation effects in the modifications of elemental carbon, in particular in graphite which forms the crystallographic basis of most carbon nanostructures, are treated in detail. It follows a review of the available experimental results on radiation defects in carbon nanostructures such as fullerenes, nanotubes and carbon onions. Finally, the phenomena of structure formation under irradiation, in particular the self-assembling of spherical carbon onions and the irradiation-induced transformation of graphitic nanoparticles into diamond, are presented and discussed qualitatively in the context of non-equilibrium structure formation.read more
Citations
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Image formation mechanisms in scanning electron microscopy of carbon nanotubes, and retrieval of their intrinsic dimensions.
TL;DR: It is shown how SEM images can be modelled by accounting for surface enhancement effects together with the absorption coefficient for secondary electrons, and the electron-probe shape, enabling retrieval of the intrinsic nanotube dimensions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Promoting the assembly of carbon onions: An atomistic approach
TL;DR: In this article, the binding behavior of adjacent carbon onions and promote their binding through the addition of vacancies, as well as through doping with boron and nitrogen atoms are investigated. But the main finding is that binding of adjacent small carbon onions is promoted through the adding of vacancies and/or dopants on the outer surface of the carbon onions.
Posted Content
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Pablo Esquinazi,Roland Höhne,K.-H. Han,Daniel Spemann,Annette Setzer,M. Diaconu,Heidemarie Schmidt,Tilman Butz +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the magnetic effects produced by proton irradiation on graphite, disordered carbon and fullerene films are discussed and an example of element analysis obtained in one of the graphite samples used for the irradiation studies is presented.
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Predictive carbon nanotube models using the eigenvector dimension reduction (EDR) method
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TL;DR: In this paper, a modified Morse potential model is integrated with the eigenvector dimension reduction (EDR) method to predict the mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) under various sources of uncertainties.
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Stability of hydrogenated nanodiamonds under extreme ultraviolet irradiation
Yu. V. Butenko,Paul R. Coxon,M. Yeganeh,A. C. Brieva,K. Liddell,Vinod R. Dhanak,Vinod R. Dhanak,Lidija Šiller +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to study the graphitization of nanodiamond crystallites exposed to extreme ultraviolet radiation, the surface hydrogen groups and graphite species are found to prevent graphitisation.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon
TL;DR: Iijima et al. as mentioned in this paper reported the preparation of a new type of finite carbon structure consisting of needle-like tubes, which were produced using an arc-discharge evaporation method similar to that used for fullerene synthesis.
Journal ArticleDOI
C 60 : Buckminsterfullerene
Harold W. Kroto,Harold W. Kroto,James R. Heath,Sean C. O'Brien,Robert F. Curl,Richard E. Smalley +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a truncated icosahedron, a polygon with 60 vertices and 32 faces, 12 of which are pentagonal and 20 hexagonal.
Journal ArticleDOI
Solid C60: a new form of carbon
TL;DR: In this article, a new form of pure, solid carbon has been synthesized consisting of a somewhat disordered hexagonal close packing of soccer-ball-shaped C60 molecules.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pattern formation outside of equilibrium
Michael Cross,P. C. Hohenberg +1 more
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of spatiotemporal pattern formation in systems driven away from equilibrium is presented in this article, with emphasis on comparisons between theory and quantitative experiments, and a classification of patterns in terms of the characteristic wave vector q 0 and frequency ω 0 of the instability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exceptionally high Young's modulus observed for individual carbon nanotubes
TL;DR: In this article, the amplitude of the intrinsic thermal vibrations of isolated carbon nanotubes was measured in the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and it was shown that they have exceptionally high Young's moduli, in the terapascal (TPa) range.