Journal ArticleDOI
Irradiation effects in carbon nanostructures
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TLDR
In this article, a review of the basic mechanisms of radiation effects in solids with particular emphasis on atom displacements by knock-on collisions is discussed. But the main part of this review deals with alterations of carbon nanostructures by the electron beam in an electron microscope.Abstract:
The paper reviews the principles of interaction of energetic particles with solid carbon and carbon nanostructures. The reader is first introduced to the basic mechanisms of radiation effects in solids with particular emphasis on atom displacements by knock-on collisions. The influence of various parameters on the displacement cross sections of carbon atoms is discussed. The types of irradiation-induced defects and their migration are described as well as ordering phenomena which are observable under the non-equilibrium conditions of irradiation. The main part of this review deals with alterations of carbon nanostructures by the electron beam in an electron microscope. This type of experiment is of paramount importance because it allows in situ observation of dynamic processes on an atomic scale. In the second part, radiation effects in the modifications of elemental carbon, in particular in graphite which forms the crystallographic basis of most carbon nanostructures, are treated in detail. It follows a review of the available experimental results on radiation defects in carbon nanostructures such as fullerenes, nanotubes and carbon onions. Finally, the phenomena of structure formation under irradiation, in particular the self-assembling of spherical carbon onions and the irradiation-induced transformation of graphitic nanoparticles into diamond, are presented and discussed qualitatively in the context of non-equilibrium structure formation.read more
Citations
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Carbon nanotubes as masks against ion irradiation: An insight from atomistic simulations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived an equation which for a given nanowire material allows one to estimate the theoretical limit on the minimum width of the wire which can be made using this technique.
Amorphization and D/H Fractionation of Kerogens during Experimental Electron Irradiation: Comparison with Chondritic Organic Matter
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of electron irradiation on kerogens of type I and III in a 200kV transmission electron microscope (TEM), at 293 and 92 K, using various fluences.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aqueous dispersion and dielectrophoretic assembly of individual surface-synthesized single-walled carbon nanotubes.
Brian R. Burg,Julian Schneider,Matthias Muoth,L. Durrer,T. Helbling,Niklas C. Schirmer,Timo Schwamb,Christofer Hierold,Dimos Poulikakos +8 more
TL;DR: The successful dispersion and large-scale parallel assembly of individual surface-synthesized large-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes, grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), is demonstrated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interfacing graphene and related 2D materials with the 3D world
TL;DR: This review provides theoretical insight into nontrivial issues arising from interfacing 2D materials with 3D systems including epitaxy and ways to accommodate lattice mismatch, the key role of contact resistance and the effect of defects in electrical and thermal transport.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electron beam induced evolution in Au, Ag, and interfaced heterogeneous Au/Ag nanoparticles
Yuzi Liu,Yugang Sun +1 more
TL;DR: A sintering process of nanoparticles made of Ag, Au, and interfaced Ag/Au heterodimers was investigated by in situ transmission electron microscopy at room temperature and it was found that the nanoparticle fusion process is significantly different from the well-established thermal diffusion mechanism.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon
TL;DR: Iijima et al. as mentioned in this paper reported the preparation of a new type of finite carbon structure consisting of needle-like tubes, which were produced using an arc-discharge evaporation method similar to that used for fullerene synthesis.
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C 60 : Buckminsterfullerene
Harold W. Kroto,Harold W. Kroto,James R. Heath,Sean C. O'Brien,Robert F. Curl,Richard E. Smalley +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a truncated icosahedron, a polygon with 60 vertices and 32 faces, 12 of which are pentagonal and 20 hexagonal.
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Solid C60: a new form of carbon
TL;DR: In this article, a new form of pure, solid carbon has been synthesized consisting of a somewhat disordered hexagonal close packing of soccer-ball-shaped C60 molecules.
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Pattern formation outside of equilibrium
Michael Cross,P. C. Hohenberg +1 more
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of spatiotemporal pattern formation in systems driven away from equilibrium is presented in this article, with emphasis on comparisons between theory and quantitative experiments, and a classification of patterns in terms of the characteristic wave vector q 0 and frequency ω 0 of the instability.
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Exceptionally high Young's modulus observed for individual carbon nanotubes
TL;DR: In this article, the amplitude of the intrinsic thermal vibrations of isolated carbon nanotubes was measured in the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and it was shown that they have exceptionally high Young's moduli, in the terapascal (TPa) range.