Journal ArticleDOI
Irradiation effects in carbon nanostructures
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TLDR
In this article, a review of the basic mechanisms of radiation effects in solids with particular emphasis on atom displacements by knock-on collisions is discussed. But the main part of this review deals with alterations of carbon nanostructures by the electron beam in an electron microscope.Abstract:
The paper reviews the principles of interaction of energetic particles with solid carbon and carbon nanostructures. The reader is first introduced to the basic mechanisms of radiation effects in solids with particular emphasis on atom displacements by knock-on collisions. The influence of various parameters on the displacement cross sections of carbon atoms is discussed. The types of irradiation-induced defects and their migration are described as well as ordering phenomena which are observable under the non-equilibrium conditions of irradiation. The main part of this review deals with alterations of carbon nanostructures by the electron beam in an electron microscope. This type of experiment is of paramount importance because it allows in situ observation of dynamic processes on an atomic scale. In the second part, radiation effects in the modifications of elemental carbon, in particular in graphite which forms the crystallographic basis of most carbon nanostructures, are treated in detail. It follows a review of the available experimental results on radiation defects in carbon nanostructures such as fullerenes, nanotubes and carbon onions. Finally, the phenomena of structure formation under irradiation, in particular the self-assembling of spherical carbon onions and the irradiation-induced transformation of graphitic nanoparticles into diamond, are presented and discussed qualitatively in the context of non-equilibrium structure formation.read more
Citations
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Characterizing the strength and elasticity deviation in defective CNT reinforced composites
TL;DR: In this article, a multiscale 3D Representative Volume Element approach is proposed for modeling the elastic behavior of carbon nanotubes reinforced composites with vacancy defects, which is based on the multi-scale 3D beam element approach.
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Calculation of the number of atoms displaced during the irradiation of monolayer graphene
TL;DR: In this paper, an alternative analytic expression for the irradiation of monolayer graphene with heavy ions or with protons and other light charged particles is presented, based on the classic theory of dispersion, using a Coulomb potential for the light-charged particles and one of Inverse square for heavy ions.
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Optically Modulated Tunable O-Band Praseodymium-Doped Fluoride Fiber Laser Utilizing Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Saturable Absorber
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Quantum theory of electronic excitation and sputtering by transmission electron microscopy.
Anthony Yoshimura,Michael Lamparski,Joel Giedt,David B. Lingerfelt,Jacek Jakowski,Panchapakesan Ganesh,Bobby G. Sumpter,Vincent Meunier +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the probability of beam-induced electronic excitations by coupling quantum electrodynamics (QED) scattering amplitudes to density functional theory (DFT) single-particle orbitals is calculated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Elemental analysis down to the single atom with electron beams
TL;DR: In this paper, the possibilities of chemical analysis by means of electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrograms (EDX) have been pushed to the single atom limit.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon
TL;DR: Iijima et al. as mentioned in this paper reported the preparation of a new type of finite carbon structure consisting of needle-like tubes, which were produced using an arc-discharge evaporation method similar to that used for fullerene synthesis.
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C 60 : Buckminsterfullerene
Harold W. Kroto,Harold W. Kroto,James R. Heath,Sean C. O'Brien,Robert F. Curl,Richard E. Smalley +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a truncated icosahedron, a polygon with 60 vertices and 32 faces, 12 of which are pentagonal and 20 hexagonal.
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Solid C60: a new form of carbon
TL;DR: In this article, a new form of pure, solid carbon has been synthesized consisting of a somewhat disordered hexagonal close packing of soccer-ball-shaped C60 molecules.
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Pattern formation outside of equilibrium
Michael Cross,P. C. Hohenberg +1 more
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of spatiotemporal pattern formation in systems driven away from equilibrium is presented in this article, with emphasis on comparisons between theory and quantitative experiments, and a classification of patterns in terms of the characteristic wave vector q 0 and frequency ω 0 of the instability.
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Exceptionally high Young's modulus observed for individual carbon nanotubes
TL;DR: In this article, the amplitude of the intrinsic thermal vibrations of isolated carbon nanotubes was measured in the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and it was shown that they have exceptionally high Young's moduli, in the terapascal (TPa) range.